[wget] / src / url.c

/* URL handling.
   Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of Wget.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */

#include <config.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
# include <string.h>
#else
# include <strings.h>
#endif
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <errno.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include "wget.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "url.h"
#include "host.h"
#include "html.h"

#ifndef errno
extern int errno;
#endif

/* Default port definitions */
#define DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT 80
#define DEFAULT_FTP_PORT 21

/* URL separator (for findurl) */
#define URL_SEPARATOR "!\"#'(),>`{}|<>"

/* A list of unsafe characters for encoding, as per RFC1738.  '@' and
   ':' (not listed in RFC) were added because of user/password
   encoding.  */

#ifndef WINDOWS
# define URL_UNSAFE_CHARS "<>\"#%{}|\\^~[]`@:"
#else  /* WINDOWS */
# define URL_UNSAFE_CHARS "<>\"%{}|\\^[]`"
#endif /* WINDOWS */

#define UNSAFE_CHAR(c) (   ((unsigned char)(c) <= ' ')  /* ASCII 32  */  \
                        || ((unsigned char)(c) >  '~')  /* ASCII 127 */  \
                        || strchr (URL_UNSAFE_CHARS, c))

/* If S contains unsafe characters, free it and replace it with a
   version that doesn't.  */
#define URL_CLEANSE(s) do                       \
{                                               \
  if (contains_unsafe (s))                      \
    {                                           \
      char *uc_tmp = encode_string (s);         \
      free (s);                                 \
      (s) = uc_tmp;                             \
    }                                           \
} while (0)

/* Is a directory "."?  */
#define DOTP(x) ((*(x) == '.') && (!*(x + 1)))
/* Is a directory ".."?  */
#define DDOTP(x) ((*(x) == '.') && (*(x + 1) == '.') && (!*(x + 2)))

/* NULL-terminated list of strings to be recognized as prototypes (URL
   schemes).  Note that recognized doesn't mean supported -- only HTTP
   and FTP are currently supported.

   However, a string that does not match anything in the list will be
   considered a relative URL.  Thus it's important that this list has
   anything anyone could think of being legal.

   There are wild things here.  :-) Take a look at
   <URL:http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Addressing/schemes.html> for more
   fun.  */
static char *protostrings[] =
{
  "cid:",
  "clsid:",
  "file:",
  "finger:",
  "ftp:",
  "gopher:",
  "hdl:",
  "http:",
  "https:",
  "ilu:",
  "ior:",
  "irc:",
  "java:",
  "javascript:",
  "lifn:",
  "mailto:",
  "mid:",
  "news:",
  "nntp:",
  "path:",
  "prospero:",
  "rlogin:",
  "service:",
  "shttp:",
  "snews:",
  "stanf:",
  "telnet:",
  "tn3270:",
  "wais:",
  "whois++:",
  NULL
};

struct proto
{
  char *name;
  uerr_t ind;
  unsigned short port;
};

/* Similar to former, but for supported protocols: */
static struct proto sup_protos[] =
{
  { "http://", URLHTTP, DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT },
  { "ftp://", URLFTP, DEFAULT_FTP_PORT },
  /*{ "file://", URLFILE, DEFAULT_FTP_PORT },*/
};

static void parse_dir PARAMS ((const char *, char **, char **));
static uerr_t parse_uname PARAMS ((const char *, char **, char **));
static char *construct PARAMS ((const char *, const char *, int , int));
static char *construct_relative PARAMS ((const char *, const char *));
static char process_ftp_type PARAMS ((char *));

\f
/* Returns the number of characters to be skipped if the first thing
   in a URL is URL: (which is 0 or 4+).  The optional spaces after
   URL: are also skipped.  */
int
skip_url (const char *url)
{
  int i;

  if (TOUPPER (url[0]) == 'U'
      && TOUPPER (url[1]) == 'R'
      && TOUPPER (url[2]) == 'L'
      && url[3] == ':')
    {
      /* Skip blanks.  */
      for (i = 4; url[i] && ISSPACE (url[i]); i++);
      return i;
    }
  else
    return 0;
}

/* Returns 1 if the string contains unsafe characters, 0 otherwise.  */
int
contains_unsafe (const char *s)
{
  for (; *s; s++)
    if (UNSAFE_CHAR (*s))
      return 1;
  return 0;
}

/* Decodes the forms %xy in a URL to the character the hexadecimal
   code of which is xy.  xy are hexadecimal digits from
   [0123456789ABCDEF] (case-insensitive).  If x or y are not
   hex-digits or `%' precedes `\0', the sequence is inserted
   literally.  */

static void
decode_string (char *s)
{
  char *p = s;

  for (; *s; s++, p++)
    {
      if (*s != '%')
        *p = *s;
      else
        {
          /* Do nothing if at the end of the string, or if the chars
             are not hex-digits.  */
          if (!*(s + 1) || !*(s + 2)
              || !(ISXDIGIT (*(s + 1)) && ISXDIGIT (*(s + 2))))
            {
              *p = *s;
              continue;
            }
          *p = (ASC2HEXD (*(s + 1)) << 4) + ASC2HEXD (*(s + 2));
          s += 2;
        }
    }
  *p = '\0';
}

/* Encode the unsafe characters (as determined by URL_UNSAFE) in a
   given string, returning a malloc-ed %XX encoded string.  */
char *
encode_string (const char *s)
{
  const char *b;
  char *p, *res;
  int i;

  b = s;
  for (i = 0; *s; s++, i++)
    if (UNSAFE_CHAR (*s))
      i += 2; /* Two more characters (hex digits) */
  res = (char *)xmalloc (i + 1);
  s = b;
  for (p = res; *s; s++)
    if (UNSAFE_CHAR (*s))
      {
        const unsigned char c = *s;
        *p++ = '%';
        *p++ = HEXD2ASC (c >> 4);
        *p++ = HEXD2ASC (c & 0xf);
      }
    else
      *p++ = *s;
  *p = '\0';
  return res;
}
\f
/* Returns the proto-type if URL's protocol is supported, or
   URLUNKNOWN if not.  */
uerr_t
urlproto (const char *url)
{
  int i;

  url += skip_url (url);
  for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (sup_protos); i++)
    if (!strncasecmp (url, sup_protos[i].name, strlen (sup_protos[i].name)))
      return sup_protos[i].ind;
  for (i = 0; url[i] && url[i] != ':' && url[i] != '/'; i++);
  if (url[i] == ':')
    {
      for (++i; url[i] && url[i] != '/'; i++)
        if (!ISDIGIT (url[i]))
          return URLBADPORT;
      if (url[i - 1] == ':')
        return URLFTP;
      else
        return URLHTTP;
    }
  else
    return URLHTTP;
}

/* Skip the protocol part of the URL, e.g. `http://'.  If no protocol
   part is found, returns 0.  */
int
skip_proto (const char *url)
{
  char **s;
  int l;

  for (s = protostrings; *s; s++)
    if (!strncasecmp (*s, url, strlen (*s)))
      break;
  if (!*s)
    return 0;
  l = strlen (*s);
  /* HTTP and FTP protocols are expected to yield exact host names
     (i.e. the `//' part must be skipped, too).  */
  if (!strcmp (*s, "http:") || !strcmp (*s, "ftp:"))
    l += 2;
  return l;
}

/* Returns 1 if the URL begins with a protocol (supported or
   unsupported), 0 otherwise.  */
static int
has_proto (const char *url)
{
  char **s;

  url += skip_url (url);
  for (s = protostrings; *s; s++)
    if (strncasecmp (url, *s, strlen (*s)) == 0)
      return 1;
  return 0;
}

/* Skip the username and password, if present here.  The function
   should be called *not* with the complete URL, but with the part
   right after the protocol.

   If no username and password are found, return 0.  */
int
skip_uname (const char *url)
{
  const char *p;
  for (p = url; *p && *p != '/'; p++)
    if (*p == '@')
      break;
  /* If a `@' was found before the first occurrence of `/', skip
     it.  */
  if (*p == '@')
    return p - url + 1;
  else
    return 0;
}
\f
/* Allocate a new urlinfo structure, fill it with default values and
   return a pointer to it.  */
struct urlinfo *
newurl (void)
{
  struct urlinfo *u;

  u = (struct urlinfo *)xmalloc (sizeof (struct urlinfo));
  memset (u, 0, sizeof (*u));
  u->proto = URLUNKNOWN;
  return u;
}

/* Perform a "deep" free of the urlinfo structure.  The structure
   should have been created with newurl, but need not have been used.
   If free_pointer is non-0, free the pointer itself.  */
void
freeurl (struct urlinfo *u, int complete)
{
  assert (u != NULL);
  FREE_MAYBE (u->url);
  FREE_MAYBE (u->host);
  FREE_MAYBE (u->path);
  FREE_MAYBE (u->file);
  FREE_MAYBE (u->dir);
  FREE_MAYBE (u->user);
  FREE_MAYBE (u->passwd);
  FREE_MAYBE (u->local);
  FREE_MAYBE (u->referer);
  if (u->proxy)
    freeurl (u->proxy, 1);
  if (complete)
    free (u);
  return;
}
\f
/* Extract the given URL of the form
   (http:|ftp:)// (user (:password)?@)?hostname (:port)? (/path)?
   1. hostname (terminated with `/' or `:')
   2. port number (terminated with `/'), or chosen for the protocol
   3. dirname (everything after hostname)
   Most errors are handled.  No allocation is done, you must supply
   pointers to allocated memory.
   ...and a host of other stuff :-)

   - Recognizes hostname:dir/file for FTP and
     hostname (:portnum)?/dir/file for HTTP.
   - Parses the path to yield directory and file
   - Parses the URL to yield the username and passwd (if present)
   - Decodes the strings, in case they contain "forbidden" characters
   - Writes the result to struct urlinfo

   If the argument STRICT is set, it recognizes only the canonical
   form.  */
uerr_t
parseurl (const char *url, struct urlinfo *u, int strict)
{
  int i, l, abs_ftp;
  int recognizable;            /* Recognizable URL is the one where
                                  the protocol name was explicitly
                                  named, i.e. it wasn't deduced from
                                  the URL format.  */
  uerr_t type;

  DEBUGP (("parseurl (\"%s\") -> ", url));
  url += skip_url (url);
  recognizable = has_proto (url);
  if (strict && !recognizable)
    return URLUNKNOWN;
  for (i = 0, l = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (sup_protos); i++)
    {
      l = strlen (sup_protos[i].name);
      if (!strncasecmp (sup_protos[i].name, url, l))
        break;
    }
  /* If protocol is recognizable, but unsupported, bail out, else
     suppose unknown.  */
  if (recognizable && !sup_protos[i].name)
    return URLUNKNOWN;
  else if (i == ARRAY_SIZE (sup_protos))
    type = URLUNKNOWN;
  else
    u->proto = type = sup_protos[i].ind;

  if (type == URLUNKNOWN)
    l = 0;
  /* Allow a username and password to be specified (i.e. just skip
     them for now).  */
  if (recognizable)
    l += skip_uname (url + l);
  for (i = l; url[i] && url[i] != ':' && url[i] != '/'; i++);
  if (i == l)
    return URLBADHOST;
  /* Get the hostname.  */
  u->host = strdupdelim (url + l, url + i);
  DEBUGP (("host %s -> ", u->host));

  /* Assume no port has been given.  */
  u->port = 0;
  if (url[i] == ':')
    {
      /* We have a colon delimiting the hostname.  It could mean that
         a port number is following it, or a directory.  */
      if (ISDIGIT (url[++i]))    /* A port number */
        {
          if (type == URLUNKNOWN)
            u->proto = type = URLHTTP;
          for (; url[i] && url[i] != '/'; i++)
            if (ISDIGIT (url[i]))
              u->port = 10 * u->port + (url[i] - '0');
            else
              return URLBADPORT;
          if (!u->port)
            return URLBADPORT;
          DEBUGP (("port %hu -> ", u->port));
        }
      else if (type == URLUNKNOWN) /* or a directory */
        u->proto = type = URLFTP;
      else                      /* or just a misformed port number */
        return URLBADPORT;
    }
  else if (type == URLUNKNOWN)
    u->proto = type = URLHTTP;
  if (!u->port)
    {
      int i;
      for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (sup_protos); i++)
        if (sup_protos[i].ind == type)
          break;
      if (i == ARRAY_SIZE (sup_protos))
        return URLUNKNOWN;
      u->port = sup_protos[i].port;
    }
  /* Some delimiter troubles...  */
  if (url[i] == '/' && url[i - 1] != ':')
    ++i;
  if (type == URLHTTP)
    while (url[i] && url[i] == '/')
      ++i;
  u->path = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (url + i) + 8);
  strcpy (u->path, url + i);
  if (type == URLFTP)
    {
      u->ftp_type = process_ftp_type (u->path);
      /* #### We don't handle type `d' correctly yet.  */
      if (!u->ftp_type || TOUPPER (u->ftp_type) == 'D')
        u->ftp_type = 'I';
    }
  DEBUGP (("opath %s -> ", u->path));
  /* Parse the username and password (if existing).  */
  parse_uname (url, &u->user, &u->passwd);
  /* Decode the strings, as per RFC 1738.  */
  decode_string (u->host);
  decode_string (u->path);
  if (u->user)
    decode_string (u->user);
  if (u->passwd)
    decode_string (u->passwd);
  /* Parse the directory.  */
  parse_dir (u->path, &u->dir, &u->file);
  DEBUGP (("dir %s -> file %s -> ", u->dir, u->file));
  /* Simplify the directory.  */
  path_simplify (u->dir);
  /* Remove the leading `/' in HTTP.  */
  if (type == URLHTTP && *u->dir == '/')
    strcpy (u->dir, u->dir + 1);
  DEBUGP (("ndir %s\n", u->dir));
  /* Strip trailing `/'.  */
  l = strlen (u->dir);
  if (l && u->dir[l - 1] == '/')
    u->dir[l - 1] = '\0';
  /* Re-create the path: */
  abs_ftp = (u->proto == URLFTP && *u->dir == '/');
  /*  sprintf (u->path, "%s%s%s%s", abs_ftp ? "%2F": "/",
      abs_ftp ? (u->dir + 1) : u->dir, *u->dir ? "/" : "", u->file); */
  strcpy (u->path, abs_ftp ? "%2F" : "/");
  strcat (u->path, abs_ftp ? (u->dir + 1) : u->dir);
  strcat (u->path, *u->dir ? "/" : "");
  strcat (u->path, u->file);
  URL_CLEANSE (u->path);
  /* Create the clean URL.  */
  u->url = str_url (u, 0);
  return URLOK;
}
\f
/* Build the directory and filename components of the path.  Both
   components are *separately* malloc-ed strings!  It does not change
   the contents of path.

   If the path ends with "." or "..", they are (correctly) counted as
   directories.  */
static void
parse_dir (const char *path, char **dir, char **file)
{
  int i, l;

  for (i = l = strlen (path); i && path[i] != '/'; i--);
  if (!i && *path != '/')   /* Just filename */
    {
      if (DOTP (path) || DDOTP (path))
        {
          *dir = xstrdup (path);
          *file = xstrdup ("");
        }
      else
        {
          *dir = xstrdup ("");     /* This is required because of FTP */
          *file = xstrdup (path);
        }
    }
  else if (!i)                 /* /filename */
    {
      if (DOTP (path + 1) || DDOTP (path + 1))
        {
          *dir = xstrdup (path);
          *file = xstrdup ("");
        }
      else
        {
          *dir = xstrdup ("/");
          *file = xstrdup (path + 1);
        }
    }
  else /* Nonempty directory with or without a filename */
    {
      if (DOTP (path + i + 1) || DDOTP (path + i + 1))
        {
          *dir = xstrdup (path);
          *file = xstrdup ("");
        }
      else
        {
          *dir = strdupdelim (path, path + i);
          *file = strdupdelim (path + i + 1, path + l + 1);
        }
    }
}

/* Find the optional username and password within the URL, as per
   RFC1738.  The returned user and passwd char pointers are
   malloc-ed.  */
static uerr_t
parse_uname (const char *url, char **user, char **passwd)
{
  int l;
  const char *p, *col;
  char **where;

  *user = NULL;
  *passwd = NULL;
  url += skip_url (url);
  /* Look for end of protocol string.  */
  l = skip_proto (url);
  if (!l)
    return URLUNKNOWN;
  /* Add protocol offset.  */
  url += l;
  /* Is there an `@' character?  */
  for (p = url; *p && *p != '/'; p++)
    if (*p == '@')
      break;
  /* If not, return.  */
  if (*p != '@')
    return URLOK;
  /* Else find the username and password.  */
  for (p = col = url; *p != '@'; p++)
    {
      if (*p == ':' && !*user)
        {
          *user = (char *)xmalloc (p - url + 1);
          memcpy (*user, url, p - url);
          (*user)[p - url] = '\0';
          col = p + 1;
        }
    }
  /* Decide whether you have only the username or both.  */
  where = *user ? passwd : user;
  *where = (char *)xmalloc (p - col + 1);
  memcpy (*where, col, p - col);
  (*where)[p - col] = '\0';
  return URLOK;
}

/* If PATH ends with `;type=X', return the character X.  */
static char
process_ftp_type (char *path)
{
  int len = strlen (path);

  if (len >= 7
      && !memcmp (path + len - 7, ";type=", 6))
    {
      path[len - 7] = '\0';
      return path[len - 1];
    }
  else
    return '\0';
}
\f
/* Return the URL as fine-formed string, with a proper protocol, port
   number, directory and optional user/password.  If HIDE is non-zero,
   password will be hidden.  The forbidden characters in the URL will
   be cleansed.  */
char *
str_url (const struct urlinfo *u, int hide)
{
  char *res, *host, *user, *passwd, *proto_name, *dir, *file;
  int i, l, ln, lu, lh, lp, lf, ld;
  unsigned short proto_default_port;

  /* Look for the protocol name.  */
  for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (sup_protos); i++)
    if (sup_protos[i].ind == u->proto)
      break;
  if (i == ARRAY_SIZE (sup_protos))
    return NULL;
  proto_name = sup_protos[i].name;
  proto_default_port = sup_protos[i].port;
  host = CLEANDUP (u->host);
  dir = CLEANDUP (u->dir);
  file = CLEANDUP (u->file);
  user = passwd = NULL;
  if (u->user)
    user = CLEANDUP (u->user);
  if (u->passwd)
    {
      int i;
      passwd = CLEANDUP (u->passwd);
      if (hide)
        for (i = 0; passwd[i]; i++)
          passwd[i] = 'x';
    }
  if (u->proto == URLFTP && *dir == '/')
    {
      char *tmp = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (dir) + 3);
      /*sprintf (tmp, "%%2F%s", dir + 1);*/
      *tmp = '%';
      tmp[1] = '2';
      tmp[2] = 'F';
      strcpy (tmp + 3, dir + 1);
      free (dir);
      dir = tmp;
    }

  ln = strlen (proto_name);
  lu = user ? strlen (user) : 0;
  lp = passwd ? strlen (passwd) : 0;
  lh = strlen (host);
  ld = strlen (dir);
  lf = strlen (file);
  res = (char *)xmalloc (ln + lu + lp + lh + ld + lf + 20); /* safe sex */
  /* sprintf (res, "%s%s%s%s%s%s:%d/%s%s%s", proto_name,
     (user ? user : ""), (passwd ? ":" : ""),
     (passwd ? passwd : ""), (user ? "@" : ""),
     host, u->port, dir, *dir ? "/" : "", file); */
  l = 0;
  memcpy (res, proto_name, ln);
  l += ln;
  if (user)
    {
      memcpy (res + l, user, lu);
      l += lu;
      if (passwd)
        {
          res[l++] = ':';
          memcpy (res + l, passwd, lp);
          l += lp;
        }
      res[l++] = '@';
    }
  memcpy (res + l, host, lh);
  l += lh;
  if (u->port != proto_default_port)
    {
      res[l++] = ':';
      long_to_string (res + l, (long)u->port);
      l += numdigit (u->port);
    }
  res[l++] = '/';
  memcpy (res + l, dir, ld);
  l += ld;
  if (*dir)
    res[l++] = '/';
  strcpy (res + l, file);
  free (host);
  free (dir);
  free (file);
  FREE_MAYBE (user);
  FREE_MAYBE (passwd);
  return res;
}

/* Check whether two URL-s are equivalent, i.e. pointing to the same
   location.  Uses parseurl to parse them, and compares the canonical
   forms.

   Returns 1 if the URL1 is equivalent to URL2, 0 otherwise.  Also
   return 0 on error.  */
int
url_equal (const char *url1, const char *url2)
{
  struct urlinfo *u1, *u2;
  uerr_t err;
  int res;

  u1 = newurl ();
  err = parseurl (url1, u1, 0);
  if (err != URLOK)
    {
      freeurl (u1, 1);
      return 0;
    }
  u2 = newurl ();
  err = parseurl (url2, u2, 0);
  if (err != URLOK)
    {
      freeurl (u2, 1);
      return 0;
    }
  res = !strcmp (u1->url, u2->url);
  freeurl (u1, 1);
  freeurl (u2, 1);
  return res;
}
\f
/* Find URL of format scheme:hostname[:port]/dir in a buffer.  The
   buffer may contain pretty much anything; no errors are signaled.  */
static const char *
findurl (const char *buf, int howmuch, int *count)
{
  char **prot;
  const char *s1, *s2;

  for (s1 = buf; howmuch; s1++, howmuch--)
    for (prot = protostrings; *prot; prot++)
      if (howmuch <= strlen (*prot))
        continue;
      else if (!strncasecmp (*prot, s1, strlen (*prot)))
        {
          for (s2 = s1, *count = 0;
               howmuch && *s2 && *s2 >= 32 && *s2 < 127 && !ISSPACE (*s2) &&
                 !strchr (URL_SEPARATOR, *s2);
               s2++, (*count)++, howmuch--);
          return s1;
        }
  return NULL;
}

/* Scans the file for signs of URL-s.  Returns a vector of pointers,
   each pointer representing a URL string.  The file is *not* assumed
   to be HTML.  */
urlpos *
get_urls_file (const char *file)
{
  long nread;
  FILE *fp;
  char *buf;
  const char *pbuf;
  int size;
  urlpos *first, *current, *old;

  if (file && !HYPHENP (file))
    {
      fp = fopen (file, "rb");
      if (!fp)
        {
          logprintf (LOG_NOTQUIET, "%s: %s\n", file, strerror (errno));
          return NULL;
        }
    }
  else
    fp = stdin;
  /* Load the file.  */
  load_file (fp, &buf, &nread);
  if (file && !HYPHENP (file))
    fclose (fp);
  DEBUGP (("Loaded %s (size %ld).\n", file, nread));
  first = current = NULL;
  /* Fill the linked list with URLs.  */
  for (pbuf = buf; (pbuf = findurl (pbuf, nread - (pbuf - buf), &size));
       pbuf += size)
    {
      /* Allocate the space.  */
      old = current;
      current = (urlpos *)xmalloc (sizeof (urlpos));
      if (old)
        old->next = current;
      memset (current, 0, sizeof (*current));
      current->next = NULL;
      current->url = (char *)xmalloc (size + 1);
      memcpy (current->url, pbuf, size);
      current->url[size] = '\0';
      if (!first)
        first = current;
    }
  /* Free the buffer.  */
  free (buf);

  return first;
}

/* Similar to get_urls_file, but for HTML files.  FILE is scanned as
   an HTML document using htmlfindurl(), which see.  get_urls_html()
   constructs the HTML-s from the relative href-s.

   If SILENT is non-zero, do not barf on baseless relative links.  */
urlpos *
get_urls_html (const char *file, const char *this_url, int silent,
               int dash_p_leaf_HTML)
{
  long nread;
  FILE *fp;
  char *orig_buf;
  const char *buf;
  int step, first_time;
  urlpos *first, *current, *old;

  if (file && !HYPHENP (file))
    {
      fp = fopen (file, "rb");
      if (!fp)
        {
          logprintf (LOG_NOTQUIET, "%s: %s\n", file, strerror (errno));
          return NULL;
        }
    }
  else
    fp = stdin;
  /* Load the file.  */
  load_file (fp, &orig_buf, &nread);
  if (file && !HYPHENP (file))
    fclose (fp);
  DEBUGP (("Loaded HTML file %s (size %ld).\n", file, nread));
  first = current = NULL;
  first_time = 1;
  /* Iterate over the URLs in BUF, picked by htmlfindurl().  */
  for (buf = orig_buf;
       (buf = htmlfindurl (buf, nread - (buf - orig_buf), &step, first_time,
                           dash_p_leaf_HTML));
       buf += step)
    {
      int i, no_proto;
      int size = step;
      const char *pbuf = buf;
      char *constr, *base;
      const char *cbase;

      first_time = 0;

      /* A frequent phenomenon that needs to be handled are pages
         generated by brain-damaged HTML generators, which refer to to
         URI-s as <a href="<spaces>URI<spaces>">.  We simply ignore
         any spaces at the beginning or at the end of the string.
         This is probably not strictly correct, but that's what the
         browsers do, so we may follow.  May the authors of "WYSIWYG"
         HTML tools burn in hell for the damage they've inflicted!  */
      while ((pbuf < buf + step) && ISSPACE (*pbuf))
        {
          ++pbuf;
          --size;
        }
      while (size && ISSPACE (pbuf[size - 1]))
        --size;
      if (!size)
        break;

      for (i = 0; protostrings[i]; i++)
        {
          if (!strncasecmp (protostrings[i], pbuf,
                            MINVAL (strlen (protostrings[i]), size)))
            break;
        }
      /* Check for http:RELATIVE_URI.  See below for details.  */
      if (protostrings[i]
          && !(strncasecmp (pbuf, "http:", 5) == 0
               && strncasecmp (pbuf, "http://", 7) != 0))
        {
          no_proto = 0;
        }
      else
        {
          no_proto = 1;
          /* This is for extremely brain-damaged pages that refer to
             relative URI-s as <a href="http:URL">.  Just strip off the
             silly leading "http:" (as well as any leading blanks
             before it).  */
          if ((size > 5) && !strncasecmp ("http:", pbuf, 5))
            pbuf += 5, size -= 5;
        }
      if (!no_proto)
        {
          for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (sup_protos); i++)
            {
              if (!strncasecmp (sup_protos[i].name, pbuf,
                               MINVAL (strlen (sup_protos[i].name), size)))
                break;
            }
          /* Do *not* accept a non-supported protocol.  */
          if (i == ARRAY_SIZE (sup_protos))
            continue;
        }
      if (no_proto)
        {
          /* First, construct the base, which can be relative itself.

             Criteria for creating the base are:
             1) html_base created by <base href="...">
             2) current URL
             3) base provided from the command line */
          cbase = html_base ();
          if (!cbase)
            cbase = this_url;
          if (!cbase)
            cbase = opt.base_href;
          if (!cbase)             /* Error condition -- a baseless
                                     relative link.  */
            {
              if (!opt.quiet && !silent)
                {
                  /* Use malloc, not alloca because this is called in
                     a loop. */
                  char *temp = (char *)malloc (size + 1);
                  strncpy (temp, pbuf, size);
                  temp[size] = '\0';
                  logprintf (LOG_NOTQUIET,
                             _("Error (%s): Link %s without a base provided.\n"),
                             file, temp);
                  free (temp);
                }
              continue;
            }
          if (this_url)
            base = construct (this_url, cbase, strlen (cbase),
                              !has_proto (cbase));
          else
            {
              /* Base must now be absolute, with host name and
                 protocol.  */
              if (!has_proto (cbase))
                {
                  logprintf (LOG_NOTQUIET, _("\
Error (%s): Base %s relative, without referer URL.\n"),
                             file, cbase);
                  continue;
                }
              base = xstrdup (cbase);
            }
          constr = construct (base, pbuf, size, no_proto);
          free (base);
        }
      else /* has proto */
        {
          constr = (char *)xmalloc (size + 1);
          strncpy (constr, pbuf, size);
          constr[size] = '\0';
        }
#ifdef DEBUG
      if (opt.debug)
        {
          char *tmp;
          const char *tmp2;

          tmp2 = html_base ();
          /* Use malloc, not alloca because this is called in a loop. */
          tmp = (char *)xmalloc (size + 1);
          strncpy (tmp, pbuf, size);
          tmp[size] = '\0';
          logprintf (LOG_ALWAYS,
                     "file %s; this_url %s; base %s\nlink: %s; constr: %s\n",
                     file, this_url ? this_url : "(null)",
                     tmp2 ? tmp2 : "(null)", tmp, constr);
          free (tmp);
        }
#endif

      /* Allocate the space.  */
      old = current;
      current = (urlpos *)xmalloc (sizeof (urlpos));
      if (old)
        old->next = current;
      if (!first)
        first = current;
      /* Fill the values.  */
      memset (current, 0, sizeof (*current));
      current->next = NULL;
      current->url = constr;
      current->size = size;
      current->pos = pbuf - orig_buf;
      /* A URL is relative if the host and protocol are not named,
         and the name does not start with `/'.  */
      if (no_proto && *pbuf != '/')
        current->flags |= (URELATIVE | UNOPROTO);
      else if (no_proto)
        current->flags |= UNOPROTO;
    }
  free (orig_buf);

  return first;
}
\f
/* Free the linked list of urlpos.  */
void
free_urlpos (urlpos *l)
{
  while (l)
    {
      urlpos *next = l->next;
      free (l->url);
      FREE_MAYBE (l->local_name);
      free (l);
      l = next;
    }
}

/* Rotate FNAME opt.backups times */
void
rotate_backups(const char *fname)
{
  int maxlen = strlen (fname) + 1 + numdigit (opt.backups) + 1;
  char *from = (char *)alloca (maxlen);
  char *to = (char *)alloca (maxlen);
  struct stat sb;
  int i;

  if (stat (fname, &sb) == 0)
    if (S_ISREG (sb.st_mode) == 0)
      return;

  for (i = opt.backups; i > 1; i--)
    {
      sprintf (from, "%s.%d", fname, i - 1);
      sprintf (to, "%s.%d", fname, i);
      /* #### This will fail on machines without the rename() system
         call.  */
      rename (from, to);
    }

  sprintf (to, "%s.%d", fname, 1);
  rename(fname, to);
}

/* Create all the necessary directories for PATH (a file).  Calls
   mkdirhier() internally.  */
int
mkalldirs (const char *path)
{
  const char *p;
  char *t;
  struct stat st;
  int res;

  p = path + strlen (path);
  for (; *p != '/' && p != path; p--);
  /* Don't create if it's just a file.  */
  if ((p == path) && (*p != '/'))
    return 0;
  t = strdupdelim (path, p);
  /* Check whether the directory exists.  */
  if ((stat (t, &st) == 0))
    {
      if (S_ISDIR (st.st_mode))
        {
          free (t);
          return 0;
        }
      else
        {
          /* If the dir exists as a file name, remove it first.  This
             is *only* for Wget to work with buggy old CERN http
             servers.  Here is the scenario: When Wget tries to
             retrieve a directory without a slash, e.g.
             http://foo/bar (bar being a directory), CERN server will
             not redirect it too http://foo/bar/ -- it will generate a
             directory listing containing links to bar/file1,
             bar/file2, etc.  Wget will lose because it saves this
             HTML listing to a file `bar', so it cannot create the
             directory.  To work around this, if the file of the same
             name exists, we just remove it and create the directory
             anyway.  */
          DEBUGP (("Removing %s because of directory danger!\n", t));
          unlink (t);
        }
    }
  res = make_directory (t);
  if (res != 0)
    logprintf (LOG_NOTQUIET, "%s: %s", t, strerror (errno));
  free (t);
  return res;
}

static int
count_slashes (const char *s)
{
  int i = 0;
  while (*s)
    if (*s++ == '/')
      ++i;
  return i;
}

/* Return the path name of the URL-equivalent file name, with a
   remote-like structure of directories.  */
static char *
mkstruct (const struct urlinfo *u)
{
  char *host, *dir, *file, *res, *dirpref;
  int l;

  assert (u->dir != NULL);
  assert (u->host != NULL);

  if (opt.cut_dirs)
    {
      char *ptr = u->dir + (*u->dir == '/');
      int slash_count = 1 + count_slashes (ptr);
      int cut = MINVAL (opt.cut_dirs, slash_count);
      for (; cut && *ptr; ptr++)
        if (*ptr == '/')
          --cut;
      STRDUP_ALLOCA (dir, ptr);
    }
  else
    dir = u->dir + (*u->dir == '/');

  host = xstrdup (u->host);
  /* Check for the true name (or at least a consistent name for saving
     to directory) of HOST, reusing the hlist if possible.  */
  if (opt.add_hostdir && !opt.simple_check)
    {
      char *nhost = realhost (host);
      free (host);
      host = nhost;
    }
  /* Add dir_prefix and hostname (if required) to the beginning of
     dir.  */
  if (opt.add_hostdir)
    {
      if (!DOTP (opt.dir_prefix))
        {
          dirpref = (char *)alloca (strlen (opt.dir_prefix) + 1
                                    + strlen (host) + 1);
          sprintf (dirpref, "%s/%s", opt.dir_prefix, host);
        }
      else
        STRDUP_ALLOCA (dirpref, host);
    }
  else                         /* not add_hostdir */
    {
      if (!DOTP (opt.dir_prefix))
        dirpref = opt.dir_prefix;
      else
        dirpref = "";
    }
  free (host);

  /* If there is a prefix, prepend it.  */
  if (*dirpref)
    {
      char *newdir = (char *)alloca (strlen (dirpref) + 1 + strlen (dir) + 2);
      sprintf (newdir, "%s%s%s", dirpref, *dir == '/' ? "" : "/", dir);
      dir = newdir;
    }
  dir = xstrdup (dir);
  URL_CLEANSE (dir);
  l = strlen (dir);
  if (l && dir[l - 1] == '/')
    dir[l - 1] = '\0';

  if (!*u->file)
    file = "index.html";
  else
    file = u->file;

  /* Finally, construct the full name.  */
  res = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (dir) + 1 + strlen (file) + 1);
  sprintf (res, "%s%s%s", dir, *dir ? "/" : "", file);
  free (dir);
  return res;
}

/* Create a unique filename, corresponding to a given URL.  Calls
   mkstruct if necessary.  Does *not* actually create any directories.  */
char *
url_filename (const struct urlinfo *u)
{
  char *file, *name;
  int have_prefix = 0;          /* whether we must prepend opt.dir_prefix */

  if (opt.dirstruct)
    {
      file = mkstruct (u);
      have_prefix = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      if (!*u->file)
        file = xstrdup ("index.html");
      else
        file = xstrdup (u->file);
    }

  if (!have_prefix)
    {
      /* Check whether the prefix directory is something other than "."
         before prepending it.  */
      if (!DOTP (opt.dir_prefix))
        {
          char *nfile = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (opt.dir_prefix)
                                         + 1 + strlen (file) + 1);
          sprintf (nfile, "%s/%s", opt.dir_prefix, file);
          free (file);
          file = nfile;
        }
    }
  /* DOS-ish file systems don't like `%' signs in them; we change it
     to `@'.  */
#ifdef WINDOWS
  {
    char *p = file;
    for (p = file; *p; p++)
      if (*p == '%')
        *p = '@';
  }
#endif /* WINDOWS */

  /* Check the cases in which the unique extensions are not used:
     1) Clobbering is turned off (-nc).
     2) Retrieval with regetting.
     3) Timestamping is used.
     4) Hierarchy is built.

     The exception is the case when file does exist and is a
     directory (actually support for bad httpd-s).  */
  if ((opt.noclobber || opt.always_rest || opt.timestamping || opt.dirstruct)
      && !(file_exists_p (file) && !file_non_directory_p (file)))
    return file;

  /* Find a unique name.  */
  name = unique_name (file);
  free (file);
  return name;
}

/* Construct an absolute URL, given a (possibly) relative one.  This
   is more tricky than it might seem, but it works.  */
static char *
construct (const char *url, const char *sub, int subsize, int no_proto)
{
  char *constr;

  if (no_proto)
    {
      int i;

      if (*sub != '/')
        {
          for (i = strlen (url); i && url[i] != '/'; i--);
          if (!i || (url[i] == url[i - 1]))
            {
              int l = strlen (url);
              char *t = (char *)alloca (l + 2);
              strcpy (t, url);
              t[l] = '/';
              t[l + 1] = '\0';
              url = t;
              i = l;
            }
          constr = (char *)xmalloc (i + 1 + subsize + 1);
          strncpy (constr, url, i + 1);
          constr[i + 1] = '\0';
          strncat (constr, sub, subsize);
        }
      else /* *sub == `/' */
        {
          int fl;

          i = 0;
          do
            {
              for (; url[i] && url[i] != '/'; i++);
              if (!url[i])
                break;
              fl = (url[i] == url[i + 1] && url[i + 1] == '/');
              if (fl)
                i += 2;
            }
          while (fl);
          if (!url[i])
            {
              int l = strlen (url);
              char *t = (char *)alloca (l + 2);
              strcpy (t, url);
              t[l] = '/';
              t[l + 1] = '\0';
              url = t;
            }
          constr = (char *)xmalloc (i + 1 + subsize + 1);
          strncpy (constr, url, i);
          constr[i] = '\0';
          strncat (constr + i, sub, subsize);
          constr[i + subsize] = '\0';
        } /* *sub == `/' */
    }
  else /* !no_proto */
    {
      constr = (char *)xmalloc (subsize + 1);
      strncpy (constr, sub, subsize);
      constr[subsize] = '\0';
    }
  return constr;
}
\f
/* Optimize URL by host, destructively replacing u->host with realhost
   (u->host).  Do this regardless of opt.simple_check.  */
void
opt_url (struct urlinfo *u)
{
  /* Find the "true" host.  */
  char *host = realhost (u->host);
  free (u->host);
  u->host = host;
  assert (u->dir != NULL);      /* the URL must have been parsed */
  /* Refresh the printed representation.  */
  free (u->url);
  u->url = str_url (u, 0);
}
\f
/* Returns proxy host address, in accordance with PROTO.  */
char *
getproxy (uerr_t proto)
{
  if (proto == URLHTTP)
    return opt.http_proxy ? opt.http_proxy : getenv ("http_proxy");
  else if (proto == URLFTP)
    return opt.ftp_proxy ? opt.ftp_proxy : getenv ("ftp_proxy");
  else
    return NULL;
}

/* Should a host be accessed through proxy, concerning no_proxy?  */
int
no_proxy_match (const char *host, const char **no_proxy)
{
  if (!no_proxy)
    return 1;
  else
    return !sufmatch (no_proxy, host);
}
\f
/* Change the links in an HTML document.  Accepts a structure that
   defines the positions of all the links.  */
void
convert_links (const char *file, urlpos *l)
{
  FILE *fp;
  char *buf, *p, *p2;
  long size;

  logprintf (LOG_VERBOSE, _("Converting %s... "), file);
  /* Read from the file....  */
  fp = fopen (file, "rb");
  if (!fp)
    {
      logprintf (LOG_NOTQUIET, _("Cannot convert links in %s: %s\n"),
                 file, strerror (errno));
      return;
    }
  /* ...to a buffer.  */
  load_file (fp, &buf, &size);
  fclose (fp);
  if (opt.backup_converted && downloaded_file(CHECK_FOR_FILE, file))
    /* Rather than just writing over the original .html file with the converted
       version, save the former to *.orig.  Note we only do this for files we've
       _successfully_ downloaded, so we don't clobber .orig files sitting around
       from previous invocations. */
    {
      /* Construct the backup filename as the original name plus ".orig". */
      size_t         filename_len = strlen(file);
      char*          filename_plus_orig_suffix = malloc(filename_len +
                                                        sizeof(".orig"));
      boolean        already_wrote_backup_file = FALSE;
      slist*         converted_file_ptr;
      static slist*  converted_files = NULL;

      /* Would a single s[n]printf() call be faster? */
      strcpy(filename_plus_orig_suffix, file);
      strcpy(filename_plus_orig_suffix + filename_len, ".orig");

      /* We can get called twice on the same URL thanks to the
         convert_all_links() call in main().  If we write the .orig file each
         time in such a case, it'll end up containing the first-pass conversion,
         not the original file.  So, see if we've already been called on this
         file. */
      converted_file_ptr = converted_files;
      while (converted_file_ptr != NULL)
        if (strcmp(converted_file_ptr->string, file) == 0)
          {
            already_wrote_backup_file = TRUE;
            break;
          }
        else
          converted_file_ptr = converted_file_ptr->next;

      if (!already_wrote_backup_file)
        {
          /* Rename <file> to <file>.orig before former gets written over. */
          if (rename(file, filename_plus_orig_suffix) != 0)
            logprintf (LOG_NOTQUIET, _("Cannot back up %s as %s: %s\n"),
                       file, filename_plus_orig_suffix, strerror (errno));

          /* Remember that we've already written a .orig backup for this file.
             Note that we never free this memory since we need it till the
             convert_all_links() call, which is one of the last things the
             program does before terminating.  BTW, I'm not sure if it would be
             safe to just set 'converted_file_ptr->string' to 'file' below,
             rather than making a copy of the string...  Another note is that I
             thought I could just add a field to the urlpos structure saying
             that we'd written a .orig file for this URL, but that didn't work,
             so I had to make this separate list. */
          converted_file_ptr = malloc(sizeof(slist));
          converted_file_ptr->string = xstrdup(file);  /* die on out-of-mem. */
          converted_file_ptr->next = converted_files;
          converted_files = converted_file_ptr;
        }

      free(filename_plus_orig_suffix);
    }
  /* Now open the file for writing.  */
  fp = fopen (file, "wb");
  if (!fp)
    {
      logprintf (LOG_NOTQUIET, _("Cannot convert links in %s: %s\n"),
                 file, strerror (errno));
      free (buf);
      return;
    }
  /* [If someone understands why multiple URLs can correspond to one local file,
     can they please add a comment here...?] */
  for (p = buf; l; l = l->next)
    {
      if (l->pos >= size)
        {
          DEBUGP (("Something strange is going on.  Please investigate."));
          break;
        }
      /* If the URL already is relative or it is not to be converted
         for some other reason (e.g. because of not having been
         downloaded in the first place), skip it.  */
      if ((l->flags & URELATIVE) || !(l->flags & UABS2REL))
        {
          DEBUGP (("Skipping %s at position %d (flags %d).\n", l->url,
                   l->pos, l->flags));
          continue;
        }
      /* Else, reach the position of the offending URL, echoing
         everything up to it to the outfile.  */
      for (p2 = buf + l->pos; p < p2; p++)
        putc (*p, fp);
      if (l->flags & UABS2REL)
        {
          char *newname = construct_relative (file, l->local_name);
          fprintf (fp, "%s", newname);
          DEBUGP (("ABS2REL: %s to %s at position %d in %s.\n",
                   l->url, newname, l->pos, file));
          free (newname);
        }
      p += l->size;
    }
  if (p - buf < size)
    {
      for (p2 = buf + size; p < p2; p++)
        putc (*p, fp);
    }
  fclose (fp);
  free (buf);
  logputs (LOG_VERBOSE, _("done.\n"));
}

/* Construct and return a malloced copy of the relative link from two
   pieces of information: local name S1 of the referring file and
   local name S2 of the referred file.

   So, if S1 is "jagor.srce.hr/index.html" and S2 is
   "jagor.srce.hr/images/news.gif", the function will return
   "images/news.gif".

   Alternately, if S1 is "fly.cc.fer.hr/ioccc/index.html", and S2 is
   "fly.cc.fer.hr/images/fly.gif", the function will return
   "../images/fly.gif".

   Caveats: S1 should not begin with `/', unless S2 also begins with
   '/'.  S1 should not contain things like ".." and such --
   construct_relative ("fly/ioccc/../index.html",
   "fly/images/fly.gif") will fail.  (A workaround is to call
   something like path_simplify() on S1).  */
static char *
construct_relative (const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
  int i, cnt, sepdirs1;
  char *res;

  if (*s2 == '/')
    return xstrdup (s2);
  /* S1 should *not* be absolute, if S2 wasn't.  */
  assert (*s1 != '/');
  i = cnt = 0;
  /* Skip the directories common to both strings.  */
  while (1)
    {
      while (s1[i] && s2[i]
             && (s1[i] == s2[i])
             && (s1[i] != '/')
             && (s2[i] != '/'))
        ++i;
      if (s1[i] == '/' && s2[i] == '/')
        cnt = ++i;
      else
        break;
    }
  for (sepdirs1 = 0; s1[i]; i++)
    if (s1[i] == '/')
      ++sepdirs1;
  /* Now, construct the file as of:
     - ../ repeated sepdirs1 time
     - all the non-mutual directories of S2.  */
  res = (char *)xmalloc (3 * sepdirs1 + strlen (s2 + cnt) + 1);
  for (i = 0; i < sepdirs1; i++)
    memcpy (res + 3 * i, "../", 3);
  strcpy (res + 3 * i, s2 + cnt);
  return res;
}
\f
/* Add URL to the head of the list L.  */
urlpos *
add_url (urlpos *l, const char *url, const char *file)
{
  urlpos *t;

  t = (urlpos *)xmalloc (sizeof (urlpos));
  memset (t, 0, sizeof (*t));
  t->url = xstrdup (url);
  t->local_name = xstrdup (file);
  t->next = l;
  return t;
}


/* Remembers which files have been downloaded.  Should be called with
   add_or_check == ADD_FILE for each file we actually download successfully
   (i.e. not for ones we have failures on or that we skip due to -N).  If you
   just want to check if a file has been previously added without adding it,
   call with add_or_check == CHECK_FOR_FILE.  Please be sure to call this
   function with local filenames, not remote URLs -- by some means that isn't
   commented well enough for me understand, multiple remote URLs can apparently
   correspond to a single local file. */
boolean
downloaded_file (downloaded_file_t  add_or_check, const char*  file)
{
  boolean        found_file = FALSE;
  static slist*  downloaded_files = NULL;
  slist*         rover = downloaded_files;

  while (rover != NULL)
    if (strcmp(rover->string, file) == 0)
      {
        found_file = TRUE;
        break;
      }
    else
      rover = rover->next;

  if (found_file)
    return TRUE;  /* file had already been downloaded */
  else
    {
      if (add_or_check == ADD_FILE)
        {
          rover = malloc(sizeof(slist));
          rover->string = xstrdup(file);  /* die on out-of-mem. */
          rover->next = downloaded_files;
          downloaded_files = rover;
        }

      return FALSE;  /* file had not already been downloaded */
    }
}