[wget] / src / connect.c

/* Establishing and handling network connections.
   Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GNU Wget.

GNU Wget is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 (at your option) any later version.

GNU Wget is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Wget; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

In addition, as a special exception, the Free Software Foundation
gives permission to link the code of its release of Wget with the
OpenSSL project's "OpenSSL" library (or with modified versions of it
that use the same license as the "OpenSSL" library), and distribute
the linked executables.  You must obey the GNU General Public License
in all respects for all of the code used other than "OpenSSL".  If you
modify this file, you may extend this exception to your version of the
file, but you are not obligated to do so.  If you do not wish to do
so, delete this exception statement from your version.  */

#include <config.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <assert.h>

#ifndef WINDOWS
# include <sys/socket.h>
# include <netdb.h>
# include <netinet/in.h>
# ifndef __BEOS__
#  include <arpa/inet.h>
# endif
#endif /* not WINDOWS */

#include <errno.h>
#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
# include <string.h>
#else
# include <strings.h>
#endif /* HAVE_STRING_H */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
# include <sys/select.h>
#endif /* HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H */

#include "wget.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "host.h"
#include "connect.h"
#include "hash.h"

#ifndef errno
extern int errno;
#endif

/* Define sockaddr_storage where unavailable (presumably on IPv4-only
   hosts).  */

#ifndef ENABLE_IPV6
# ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_SOCKADDR_STORAGE
#  define sockaddr_storage sockaddr_in
# endif
#endif /* ENABLE_IPV6 */

/* Fill SA as per the data in IP and PORT.  SA shoult point to struct
   sockaddr_storage if ENABLE_IPV6 is defined, to struct sockaddr_in
   otherwise.  */

static void
sockaddr_set_data (struct sockaddr *sa, const ip_address *ip, int port)
{
  switch (ip->type)
    {
    case IPV4_ADDRESS:
      {
        struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
        xzero (*sin);
        sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
        sin->sin_port = htons (port);
        sin->sin_addr = ADDRESS_IPV4_IN_ADDR (ip);
        break;
      }
#ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
    case IPV6_ADDRESS:
      {
        struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa;
        xzero (*sin6);
        sin6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
        sin6->sin6_port = htons (port);
        sin6->sin6_addr = ADDRESS_IPV6_IN6_ADDR (ip);
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SCOPE_ID
        sin6->sin6_scope_id = ADDRESS_IPV6_SCOPE (ip);
#endif
        break;
      }
#endif /* ENABLE_IPV6 */
    default:
      abort ();
    }
}

/* Get the data of SA, specifically the IP address and the port.  If
   you're not interested in one or the other information, pass NULL as
   the pointer.  */

static void
sockaddr_get_data (const struct sockaddr *sa, ip_address *ip, int *port)
{
  switch (sa->sa_family)
    {
    case AF_INET:
      {
        struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
        if (ip)
          {
            ip->type = IPV4_ADDRESS;
            ADDRESS_IPV4_IN_ADDR (ip) = sin->sin_addr;
          }
        if (port)
          *port = ntohs (sin->sin_port);
        break;
      }
#ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
    case AF_INET6:
      {
        struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa;
        if (ip)
          {
            ip->type = IPV6_ADDRESS;
            ADDRESS_IPV6_IN6_ADDR (ip) = sin6->sin6_addr;
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SCOPE_ID
            ADDRESS_IPV6_SCOPE (ip) = sin6->sin6_scope_id;
#endif
          }
        if (port)
          *port = ntohs (sin6->sin6_port);
        break;
      }
#endif
    default:
      abort ();
    }
}

/* Return the size of the sockaddr structure depending on its
   family.  */

static socklen_t
sockaddr_size (const struct sockaddr *sa)
{
  switch (sa->sa_family)
    {
    case AF_INET:
      return sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
#ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
    case AF_INET6:
      return sizeof (struct sockaddr_in6);
#endif
    default:
      abort ();
    }
}
\f
static int
resolve_bind_address (struct sockaddr *sa)
{
  struct address_list *al;

  /* Make sure this is called only once.  opt.bind_address doesn't
     change during a Wget run.  */
  static int called, should_bind;
  static ip_address ip;
  if (called)
    {
      if (should_bind)
        sockaddr_set_data (sa, &ip, 0);
      return should_bind;
    }
  called = 1;

  al = lookup_host (opt.bind_address, LH_BIND | LH_SILENT);
  if (!al)
    {
      /* #### We should be able to print the error message here. */
      logprintf (LOG_NOTQUIET,
                 _("%s: unable to resolve bind address `%s'; disabling bind.\n"),
                 exec_name, opt.bind_address);
      should_bind = 0;
      return 0;
    }

  /* Pick the first address in the list and use it as bind address.
     Perhaps we should try multiple addresses in succession, but I
     don't think that's necessary in practice.  */
  ip = *address_list_address_at (al, 0);
  address_list_release (al);

  sockaddr_set_data (sa, &ip, 0);
  should_bind = 1;
  return 1;
}
\f
struct cwt_context {
  int fd;
  const struct sockaddr *addr;
  socklen_t addrlen;
  int result;
};

static void
connect_with_timeout_callback (void *arg)
{
  struct cwt_context *ctx = (struct cwt_context *)arg;
  ctx->result = connect (ctx->fd, ctx->addr, ctx->addrlen);
}

/* Like connect, but specifies a timeout.  If connecting takes longer
   than TIMEOUT seconds, -1 is returned and errno is set to
   ETIMEDOUT.  */

static int
connect_with_timeout (int fd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen,
                      double timeout)
{
  struct cwt_context ctx;
  ctx.fd = fd;
  ctx.addr = addr;
  ctx.addrlen = addrlen;

  if (run_with_timeout (timeout, connect_with_timeout_callback, &ctx))
    {
      errno = ETIMEDOUT;
      return -1;
    }
  if (ctx.result == -1 && errno == EINTR)
    errno = ETIMEDOUT;
  return ctx.result;
}
\f
/* Connect via TCP to the specified address and port.

   If PRINT is non-NULL, it is the host name to print that we're
   connecting to.  */

int
connect_to_ip (const ip_address *ip, int port, const char *print)
{
  struct sockaddr_storage ss;
  struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)&ss;
  int sock;

  /* If PRINT is non-NULL, print the "Connecting to..." line, with
     PRINT being the host name we're connecting to.  */
  if (print)
    {
      const char *txt_addr = pretty_print_address (ip);
      if (print && 0 != strcmp (print, txt_addr))
        logprintf (LOG_VERBOSE, _("Connecting to %s|%s|:%d... "),
                   escnonprint (print), txt_addr, port);
      else
        logprintf (LOG_VERBOSE, _("Connecting to %s:%d... "), txt_addr, port);
    }

  /* Store the sockaddr info to SA.  */
  sockaddr_set_data (sa, ip, port);

  /* Create the socket of the family appropriate for the address.  */
  sock = socket (sa->sa_family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
  if (sock < 0)
    goto err;

#if defined(ENABLE_IPV6) && defined(IPV6_V6ONLY)
  if (opt.ipv6_only) {
    int on = 1;
    /* In case of error, we will go on anyway... */
    int err = setsockopt (sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &on, sizeof (on));
#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
    if (err < 0) 
      DEBUGP (("Failed setting IPV6_V6ONLY: %s", strerror (errno)));
#endif
  }
#endif

  /* For very small rate limits, set the buffer size (and hence,
     hopefully, the kernel's TCP window size) to the per-second limit.
     That way we should never have to sleep for more than 1s between
     network reads.  */
  if (opt.limit_rate && opt.limit_rate < 8192)
    {
      int bufsize = opt.limit_rate;
      if (bufsize < 512)
        bufsize = 512;          /* avoid pathologically small values */
#ifdef SO_RCVBUF
      setsockopt (sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
                  (void *)&bufsize, (socklen_t)sizeof (bufsize));
#endif
      /* When we add limit_rate support for writing, which is useful
         for POST, we should also set SO_SNDBUF here.  */
    }

  if (opt.bind_address)
    {
      /* Bind the client side of the socket to the requested
         address.  */
      struct sockaddr_storage bind_ss;
      struct sockaddr *bind_sa = (struct sockaddr *)&bind_ss;
      if (resolve_bind_address (bind_sa))
        {
          if (bind (sock, bind_sa, sockaddr_size (bind_sa)) < 0)
            goto err;
        }
    }

  /* Connect the socket to the remote endpoint.  */
  if (connect_with_timeout (sock, sa, sockaddr_size (sa),
                            opt.connect_timeout) < 0)
    goto err;

  /* Success. */
  assert (sock >= 0);
  if (print)
    logprintf (LOG_VERBOSE, _("connected.\n"));
  DEBUGP (("Created socket %d.\n", sock));
  return sock;

 err:
  {
    /* Protect errno from possible modifications by close and
       logprintf.  */
    int save_errno = errno;
    if (sock >= 0)
      fd_close (sock);
    if (print)
      logprintf (LOG_VERBOSE, "failed: %s.\n", strerror (errno));
    errno = save_errno;
    return -1;
  }
}

/* Connect via TCP to a remote host on the specified port.

   HOST is resolved as an Internet host name.  If HOST resolves to
   more than one IP address, they are tried in the order returned by
   DNS until connecting to one of them succeeds.  */

int
connect_to_host (const char *host, int port)
{
  int i, start, end;
  int sock;

  struct address_list *al = lookup_host (host, 0);

 retry:
  if (!al)
    return E_HOST;

  address_list_get_bounds (al, &start, &end);
  for (i = start; i < end; i++)
    {
      const ip_address *ip = address_list_address_at (al, i);
      sock = connect_to_ip (ip, port, host);
      if (sock >= 0)
        {
          /* Success. */
          address_list_set_connected (al);
          address_list_release (al);
          return sock;
        }

      /* The attempt to connect has failed.  Continue with the loop
         and try next address. */

      address_list_set_faulty (al, i);
    }

  /* Failed to connect to any of the addresses in AL. */

  if (address_list_connected_p (al))
    {
      /* We connected to AL before, but cannot do so now.  That might
         indicate that our DNS cache entry for HOST has expired.  */
      address_list_release (al);
      al = lookup_host (host, LH_REFRESH);
      goto retry;
    }
  address_list_release (al);

  return -1;
}
\f
/* Create a socket, bind it to local interface BIND_ADDRESS on port
   *PORT, set up a listen backlog, and return the resulting socket, or
   -1 in case of error.

   BIND_ADDRESS is the address of the interface to bind to.  If it is
   NULL, the socket is bound to the default address.  PORT should
   point to the port number that will be used for the binding.  If
   that number is 0, the system will choose a suitable port, and the
   chosen value will be written to *PORT.

   Calling accept() on such a socket waits for and accepts incoming
   TCP connections.  */

int
bind_local (const ip_address *bind_address, int *port)
{
  int sock;
  int family = AF_INET;
  struct sockaddr_storage ss;
  struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)&ss;

  /* For setting options with setsockopt. */
  int setopt_val = 1;
  void *setopt_ptr = (void *)&setopt_val;
  socklen_t setopt_size = sizeof (setopt_val);

#ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
  if (bind_address->type == IPV6_ADDRESS) 
    family = AF_INET6;
#endif

  sock = socket (family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
  if (sock < 0)
    return -1;

#ifdef SO_REUSEADDR
  setsockopt (sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, setopt_ptr, setopt_size);
#endif

  xzero (ss);
  sockaddr_set_data (sa, bind_address, *port);
  if (bind (sock, sa, sockaddr_size (sa)) < 0)
    {
      fd_close (sock);
      return -1;
    }
  DEBUGP (("Local socket fd %d bound.\n", sock));

  /* If *PORT is 0, find out which port we've bound to.  */
  if (*port == 0)
    {
      socklen_t addrlen = sockaddr_size (sa);
      if (getsockname (sock, sa, &addrlen) < 0)
        {
          /* If we can't find out the socket's local address ("name"),
             something is seriously wrong with the socket, and it's
             unusable for us anyway because we must know the chosen
             port.  */
          fd_close (sock);
          return -1;
        }
      sockaddr_get_data (sa, NULL, port);
      DEBUGP (("binding to address %s using port %i.\n", 
               pretty_print_address (bind_address), *port));
    }
  if (listen (sock, 1) < 0)
    {
      fd_close (sock);
      return -1;
    }
  return sock;
}

/* Like a call to accept(), but with the added check for timeout.

   In other words, accept a client connection on LOCAL_SOCK, and
   return the new socket used for communication with the client.
   LOCAL_SOCK should have been bound, e.g. using bind_local().

   The caller is blocked until a connection is established.  If no
   connection is established for opt.connect_timeout seconds, the
   function exits with an error status.  */

int
accept_connection (int local_sock)
{
  int sock;

  /* We don't need the values provided by accept, but accept
     apparently requires them to be present.  */
  struct sockaddr_storage ss;
  struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)&ss;
  socklen_t addrlen = sizeof (ss);

  if (opt.connect_timeout)
    {
      int test = select_fd (local_sock, opt.connect_timeout, WAIT_FOR_READ);
      if (test == 0)
        errno = ETIMEDOUT;
      if (test <= 0)
        return -1;
    }
  sock = accept (local_sock, sa, &addrlen);
  DEBUGP (("Accepted client at socket %d.\n", sock));
  return sock;
}

/* Get the IP address associated with the connection on FD and store
   it to IP.  Return 1 on success, 0 otherwise.

   If ENDPOINT is ENDPOINT_LOCAL, it returns the address of the local
   (client) side of the socket.  Else if ENDPOINT is ENDPOINT_PEER, it
   returns the address of the remote (peer's) side of the socket.  */

int
socket_ip_address (int sock, ip_address *ip, int endpoint)
{
  struct sockaddr_storage storage;
  struct sockaddr *sockaddr = (struct sockaddr *)&storage;
  socklen_t addrlen = sizeof (storage);
  int ret;

  if (endpoint == ENDPOINT_LOCAL)
    ret = getsockname (sock, sockaddr, &addrlen);
  else if (endpoint == ENDPOINT_PEER)
    ret = getpeername (sock, sockaddr, &addrlen);
  else
    abort ();
  if (ret < 0)
    return 0;

  switch (sockaddr->sa_family)
    {
#ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
    case AF_INET6:
      {
        struct sockaddr_in6 *sa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)&storage;
        ip->type = IPV6_ADDRESS;
        ADDRESS_IPV6_IN6_ADDR (ip) = sa6->sin6_addr;
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SCOPE_ID
        ADDRESS_IPV6_SCOPE (ip) = sa6->sin6_scope_id;
#endif
        DEBUGP (("conaddr is: %s\n", pretty_print_address (ip)));
        return 1;
      }
#endif
    case AF_INET:
      {
        struct sockaddr_in *sa = (struct sockaddr_in *)&storage;
        ip->type = IPV4_ADDRESS;
        ADDRESS_IPV4_IN_ADDR (ip) = sa->sin_addr;
        DEBUGP (("conaddr is: %s\n", pretty_print_address (ip)));
        return 1;
      }
    default:
      abort ();
    }
}

/* Return non-zero if the error from the connect code can be
   considered retryable.  Wget normally retries after errors, but the
   exception are the "unsupported protocol" type errors (possible on
   IPv4/IPv6 dual family systems) and "connection refused".  */

int
retryable_socket_connect_error (int err)
{
  /* Have to guard against some of these values not being defined.
     Cannot use a switch statement because some of the values might be
     equal.  */
  if (0
#ifdef EAFNOSUPPORT
      || err == EAFNOSUPPORT
#endif
#ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT
      || err == EPFNOSUPPORT
#endif
#ifdef ESOCKTNOSUPPORT          /* no, "sockt" is not a typo! */
      || err == ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
#endif
#ifdef EPROTONOSUPPORT
      || err == EPROTONOSUPPORT
#endif
#ifdef ENOPROTOOPT
      || err == ENOPROTOOPT
#endif
      /* Apparently, older versions of Linux and BSD used EINVAL
         instead of EAFNOSUPPORT and such.  */
      || err == EINVAL
      )
    return 0;

  if (!opt.retry_connrefused)
    if (err == ECONNREFUSED
#ifdef ENETUNREACH
        || err == ENETUNREACH   /* network is unreachable */
#endif
#ifdef EHOSTUNREACH
        || err == EHOSTUNREACH  /* host is unreachable */
#endif
        )
      return 0;

  return 1;
}

#ifdef ENABLE_IPV6
# ifndef HAVE_GETADDRINFO_AI_ADDRCONFIG

/* Return non-zero if the INET6 socket family is supported on the
   system.

   This doesn't guarantee that we're able to connect to IPv6 hosts,
   but it's better than nothing.  It is only used on systems where
   getaddrinfo doesn't support AI_ADDRCONFIG.  (See lookup_host.)  */

int
socket_has_inet6 (void)
{
  static int supported = -1;
  if (supported == -1)
    {
      int sock = socket (AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
      if (sock < 0)
        supported = 0;
      else
        {
          fd_close (sock);
          supported = 1;
        }
    }
  return supported;
}

# endif/* not HAVE_GETADDRINFO_AI_ADDRCONFIG */
#endif /* ENABLE_IPV6 */

/* Wait for a single descriptor to become available, timing out after
   MAXTIME seconds.  Returns 1 if FD is available, 0 for timeout and
   -1 for error.  The argument WAIT_FOR can be a combination of
   WAIT_FOR_READ and WAIT_FOR_WRITE.

   This is a mere convenience wrapper around the select call, and
   should be taken as such (for example, it doesn't implement Wget's
   0-timeout-means-no-timeout semantics.)  */

int
select_fd (int fd, double maxtime, int wait_for)
{
#ifdef HAVE_SELECT
  fd_set fdset;
  fd_set *rd = NULL, *wr = NULL;
  struct timeval tmout;
  int result;

  FD_ZERO (&fdset);
  FD_SET (fd, &fdset);
  if (wait_for & WAIT_FOR_READ)
    rd = &fdset;
  if (wait_for & WAIT_FOR_WRITE)
    wr = &fdset;

  tmout.tv_sec = (long) maxtime;
  tmout.tv_usec = 1000000 * (maxtime - (long) maxtime);

  do
    result = select (fd + 1, rd, wr, NULL, &tmout);
  while (result < 0 && errno == EINTR);

  return result;

#else  /* not HAVE_SELECT */

  /* If select() unavailable, just return 1.  In most usages in Wget,
     this is the appropriate response -- "if we can't poll, go ahead
     with the blocking operation".  If a specific part of code needs
     different behavior, it can use #ifdef HAVE_SELECT to test whether
     polling really occurs.  */
  return 1;

#endif /* not HAVE_SELECT */
}

int
test_socket_open (int sock)
{
#ifdef HAVE_SELECT
  fd_set check_set;
  struct timeval to;

  /* Check if we still have a valid (non-EOF) connection.  From Andrew
   * Maholski's code in the Unix Socket FAQ.  */

  FD_ZERO (&check_set);
  FD_SET (sock, &check_set);

  /* Wait one microsecond */
  to.tv_sec = 0;
  to.tv_usec = 1;

  /* If we get a timeout, then that means still connected */
  if (select (sock + 1, &check_set, NULL, NULL, &to) == 0)
    {
      /* Connection is valid (not EOF), so continue */
      return 1;
    }
  else
    return 0;
#else
  /* Without select, it's hard to know for sure. */
  return 1;
#endif
}
\f
/* Basic socket operations, mostly EINTR wrappers.  */

#ifdef WINDOWS
# define read(fd, buf, cnt) recv (fd, buf, cnt, 0)
# define write(fd, buf, cnt) send (fd, buf, cnt, 0)
# define close(fd) closesocket (fd)
#endif

#ifdef __BEOS__
# define read(fd, buf, cnt) recv (fd, buf, cnt, 0)
# define write(fd, buf, cnt) send (fd, buf, cnt, 0)
#endif

static int
sock_read (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize)
{
  int res;
  do
    res = read (fd, buf, bufsize);
  while (res == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  return res;
}

static int
sock_write (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize)
{
  int res;
  do
    res = write (fd, buf, bufsize);
  while (res == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  return res;
}

static int
sock_poll (int fd, double timeout, int wait_for)
{
  return select_fd (fd, timeout, wait_for);
}

static int
sock_peek (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize)
{
  int res;
  do
    res = recv (fd, buf, bufsize, MSG_PEEK);
  while (res == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  return res;
}

static void
sock_close (int fd)
{
  close (fd);
  DEBUGP (("Closed fd %d\n", fd));
}
#undef read
#undef write
#undef close
\f
/* Reading and writing from the network.  We build around the socket
   (file descriptor) API, but support "extended" operations for things
   that are not mere file descriptors under the hood, such as SSL
   sockets.

   That way the user code can call fd_read(fd, ...) and we'll run read
   or SSL_read or whatever is necessary.  */

static struct hash_table *transport_map;
static int transport_map_modified_tick;

struct transport_info {
  fd_reader_t reader;
  fd_writer_t writer;
  fd_poller_t poller;
  fd_peeker_t peeker;
  fd_closer_t closer;
  void *ctx;
};

/* Register the transport layer operations that will be used when
   reading, writing, and polling FD.

   This should be used for transport layers like SSL that piggyback on
   sockets.  FD should otherwise be a real socket, on which you can
   call getpeername, etc.  */

void
fd_register_transport (int fd, fd_reader_t reader, fd_writer_t writer,
                       fd_poller_t poller, fd_peeker_t peeker,
                       fd_closer_t closer, void *ctx)
{
  struct transport_info *info;

  /* The file descriptor must be non-negative to be registered.
     Negative values are ignored by fd_close(), and -1 cannot be used as
     hash key.  */
  assert (fd >= 0);

  info = xnew (struct transport_info);
  info->reader = reader;
  info->writer = writer;
  info->poller = poller;
  info->peeker = peeker;
  info->closer = closer;
  info->ctx = ctx;
  if (!transport_map)
    transport_map = hash_table_new (0, NULL, NULL);
  hash_table_put (transport_map, (void *) fd, info);
  ++transport_map_modified_tick;
}

/* Return context of the transport registered with
   fd_register_transport.  This assumes fd_register_transport was
   previously called on FD.  */

void *
fd_transport_context (int fd)
{
  struct transport_info *info = hash_table_get (transport_map, (void *) fd);
  return info->ctx;
}

/* When fd_read/fd_write are called multiple times in a loop, they should
   remember the INFO pointer instead of fetching it every time.  It is
   not enough to compare FD to LAST_FD because FD might have been
   closed and reopened.  modified_tick ensures that changes to
   transport_map will not be unnoticed.

   This is a macro because we want the static storage variables to be
   per-function.  */

#define LAZY_RETRIEVE_INFO(info) do {                                   \
  static struct transport_info *last_info;                              \
  static int last_fd = -1, last_tick;                                   \
  if (!transport_map)                                                   \
    info = NULL;                                                        \
  else if (last_fd == fd && last_tick == transport_map_modified_tick)   \
    info = last_info;                                                   \
  else                                                                  \
    {                                                                   \
      info = hash_table_get (transport_map, (void *) fd);               \
      last_fd = fd;                                                     \
      last_info = info;                                                 \
      last_tick = transport_map_modified_tick;                          \
    }                                                                   \
} while (0)

static int
poll_internal (int fd, struct transport_info *info, int wf, double timeout)
{
  if (timeout == -1)
    timeout = opt.read_timeout;
  if (timeout)
    {
      int test;
      if (info && info->poller)
        test = info->poller (fd, timeout, wf, info->ctx);
      else
        test = sock_poll (fd, timeout, wf);
      if (test == 0)
        errno = ETIMEDOUT;
      if (test <= 0)
        return 0;
    }
  return 1;
}

/* Read no more than BUFSIZE bytes of data from FD, storing them to
   BUF.  If TIMEOUT is non-zero, the operation aborts if no data is
   received after that many seconds.  If TIMEOUT is -1, the value of
   opt.timeout is used for TIMEOUT.  */

int
fd_read (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize, double timeout)
{
  struct transport_info *info;
  LAZY_RETRIEVE_INFO (info);
  if (!poll_internal (fd, info, WAIT_FOR_READ, timeout))
    return -1;
  if (info && info->reader)
    return info->reader (fd, buf, bufsize, info->ctx);
  else
    return sock_read (fd, buf, bufsize);
}

/* Like fd_read, except it provides a "preview" of the data that will
   be read by subsequent calls to fd_read.  Specifically, it copies no
   more than BUFSIZE bytes of the currently available data to BUF and
   returns the number of bytes copied.  Return values and timeout
   semantics are the same as those of fd_read.

   CAVEAT: Do not assume that the first subsequent call to fd_read
   will retrieve the same amount of data.  Reading can return more or
   less data, depending on the TCP implementation and other
   circumstances.  However, barring an error, it can be expected that
   all the peeked data will eventually be read by fd_read.  */

int
fd_peek (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize, double timeout)
{
  struct transport_info *info;
  LAZY_RETRIEVE_INFO (info);
  if (!poll_internal (fd, info, WAIT_FOR_READ, timeout))
    return -1;
  if (info && info->peeker)
    return info->peeker (fd, buf, bufsize, info->ctx);
  else
    return sock_peek (fd, buf, bufsize);
}

/* Write the entire contents of BUF to FD.  If TIMEOUT is non-zero,
   the operation aborts if no data is received after that many
   seconds.  If TIMEOUT is -1, the value of opt.timeout is used for
   TIMEOUT.  */

int
fd_write (int fd, char *buf, int bufsize, double timeout)
{
  int res;
  struct transport_info *info;
  LAZY_RETRIEVE_INFO (info);

  /* `write' may write less than LEN bytes, thus the loop keeps trying
     it until all was written, or an error occurred.  */
  res = 0;
  while (bufsize > 0)
    {
      if (!poll_internal (fd, info, WAIT_FOR_WRITE, timeout))
        return -1;
      if (info && info->writer)
        res = info->writer (fd, buf, bufsize, info->ctx);
      else
        res = sock_write (fd, buf, bufsize);
      if (res <= 0)
        break;
      buf += res;
      bufsize -= res;
    }
  return res;
}

/* Close the file descriptor FD.  */

void
fd_close (int fd)
{
  struct transport_info *info;
  if (fd < 0)
    return;

  /* Don't use LAZY_RETRIEVE_INFO because fd_close() is only called once
     per socket, so that particular optimization wouldn't work.  */
  info = NULL;
  if (transport_map)
    info = hash_table_get (transport_map, (void *) fd);

  if (info && info->closer)
    info->closer (fd, info->ctx);
  else
    sock_close (fd);

  if (info)
    {
      hash_table_remove (transport_map, (void *) fd);
      xfree (info);
      ++transport_map_modified_tick;
    }
}