@c %**start of header
@setfilename wget.info
@include version.texi
-@set UPDATED Apr 2005
+@set UPDATED Jul 2006
@settitle GNU Wget @value{VERSION} Manual
@c Disable the monstrous rectangles beside overfull hbox-es.
@finalout
data.
@c man begin COPYRIGHT
-Copyright @copyright{} 1996--2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1996--2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
@end ignore
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
-Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License'' and ``GNU Free
-Documentation License'', with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
-Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
-entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
+Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A
+copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free
+Documentation License''.
@c man end
@end ifnottex
@title GNU Wget @value{VERSION}
@subtitle The non-interactive download utility
@subtitle Updated for Wget @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}
-@author by Hrvoje Nik@v{s}i@'{c} and the developers
+@author by Hrvoje Nik@v{s}i@'{c} and others
@ignore
@c man begin AUTHOR
Originally written by Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@xemacs.org>.
+Currently maintained by Micah Cowan <micah@cowan.name>.
@c man end
@c man begin SEEALSO
GNU Info entry for @file{wget}.
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1996--2005, Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1996--2006, Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
-Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License'' and ``GNU Free
-Documentation License'', with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
-Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
-entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
+Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A
+copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free
+Documentation License''.
@end titlepage
@ifnottex
This manual documents version @value{VERSION} of GNU Wget, the freely
available utility for network downloads.
-Copyright @copyright{} 1996--2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1996--2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@menu
* Overview:: Features of Wget.
* Examples:: Examples of usage.
* Various:: The stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else.
* Appendices:: Some useful references.
-* Copying:: You may give out copies of Wget and of this manual.
+* Copying this manual:: You may give out copies of Wget and of this manual.
* Concept Index:: Topics covered by this manual.
@end menu
@end ifnottex
which can be a great hindrance when transferring a lot of data.
@c man end
-@sp 1
@item
@ignore
@c man begin DESCRIPTION
viewing.
@c man end
-@sp 1
@item
File name wildcard matching and recursive mirroring of directories are
available when retrieving via @sc{ftp}. Wget can read the time-stamp
makes Wget suitable for mirroring of @sc{ftp} sites, as well as home
pages.
-@sp 1
@item
@ignore
@c man begin DESCRIPTION
download from where it left off.
@c man end
-@sp 1
@item
Wget supports proxy servers, which can lighten the network load, speed
up retrieval and provide access behind firewalls. However, if you are
Wget uses the passive @sc{ftp} downloading by default, active @sc{ftp}
being an option.
-@sp 1
@item
Wget supports IP version 6, the next generation of IP. IPv6 is
autodetected at compile-time, and can be disabled at either build or
run time. Binaries built with IPv6 support work well in both
IPv4-only and dual family environments.
-@sp 1
@item
Built-in features offer mechanisms to tune which links you wish to follow
(@pxref{Following Links}).
-@sp 1
@item
The progress of individual downloads is traced using a progress gauge.
Interactive downloads are tracked using a ``thermometer''-style gauge,
representing a fixed amount of data received (1KB by default). Either
gauge can be customized to your preferences.
-@sp 1
@item
Most of the features are fully configurable, either through command line
options, or via the initialization file @file{.wgetrc} (@pxref{Startup
@c man end
@end ignore
-@sp 1
@item
Finally, GNU Wget is free software. This means that everyone may use
it, redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
-Public License, as published by the Free Software Foundation
-(@pxref{Copying}).
+Public License, as published by the Free Software Foundation (see the
+file @file{COPYING} that came with GNU Wget, for details).
@end itemize
@node Invoking
is verbose.
@item -nv
-@itemx --non-verbose
-Non-verbose output---turn off verbose without being completely quiet
-(use @samp{-q} for that), which means that error messages and basic
-information still get printed.
+@itemx --no-verbose
+Turn off verbose without being completely quiet (use @samp{-q} for
+that), which means that error messages and basic information still get
+printed.
@cindex input-file
@item -i @var{file}
@itemx --input-file=@var{file}
-Read @sc{url}s from @var{file}, in which case no @sc{url}s need to be on
-the command line. If there are @sc{url}s both on the command line and
-in an input file, those on the command lines will be the first ones to
-be retrieved. The @var{file} need not be an @sc{html} document (but no
+Read @sc{url}s from @var{file}. If @samp{-} is specified as
+@var{file}, @sc{url}s are read from the standard input. (Use
+@samp{./-} to read from a file literally named @samp{-}.)
+
+If this function is used, no @sc{url}s need be present on the command
+line. If there are @sc{url}s both on the command line and in an input
+file, those on the command lines will be the first ones to be
+retrieved. The @var{file} need not be an @sc{html} document (but no
harm if it is)---it is enough if the @sc{url}s are just listed
sequentially.
@cindex base for relative links in input file
@item -B @var{URL}
@itemx --base=@var{URL}
-When used in conjunction with @samp{-F}, prepends @var{URL} to relative
-links in the file specified by @samp{-i}.
+Prepends @var{URL} to relative links read from the file specified with
+the @samp{-i} option.
@end table
@node Download Options
@section Download Options
@table @samp
-@cindex bind() address
+@cindex bind address
@cindex client IP address
@cindex IP address, client
@item --bind-address=@var{ADDRESS}
-When making client TCP/IP connections, @code{bind()} to @var{ADDRESS} on
+When making client TCP/IP connections, bind to @var{ADDRESS} on
the local machine. @var{ADDRESS} may be specified as a hostname or IP
address. This option can be useful if your machine is bound to multiple
IPs.
@item -O @var{file}
@itemx --output-document=@var{file}
-The documents will not be written to the appropriate files, but all will
-be concatenated together and written to @var{file}. If @var{file}
-already exists, it will be overwritten. If the @var{file} is @samp{-},
-the documents will be written to standard output (disabling @samp{-k}).
-
-Note that a combination with @samp{-k} is only well-defined for downloading
-a single document.
+The documents will not be written to the appropriate files, but all
+will be concatenated together and written to @var{file}. If @samp{-}
+is used as @var{file}, documents will be printed to standard output,
+disabling link conversion. (Use @samp{./-} to print to a file
+literally named @samp{-}.)
+
+Note that a combination with @samp{-k} is only well-defined for
+downloading a single document.
@cindex clobbering, file
@cindex downloading multiple times
to specifying @samp{--dns-timeout}, @samp{--connect-timeout}, and
@samp{--read-timeout}, all at the same time.
-Whenever Wget connects to or reads from a remote host, it checks for a
-timeout and aborts the operation if the time expires. This prevents
-anomalous occurrences such as hanging reads or infinite connects. The
-only timeout enabled by default is a 900-second timeout for reading.
-Setting timeout to 0 disables checking for timeouts.
+When interacting with the network, Wget can check for timeout and
+abort the operation if it takes too long. This prevents anomalies
+like hanging reads and infinite connects. The only timeout enabled by
+default is a 900-second read timeout. Setting a timeout to 0 disables
+it altogether. Unless you know what you are doing, it is best not to
+change the default timeout settings.
-Unless you know what you are doing, it is best not to set any of the
-timeout-related options.
+All timeout-related options accept decimal values, as well as
+subsecond values. For example, @samp{0.1} seconds is a legal (though
+unwise) choice of timeout. Subsecond timeouts are useful for checking
+server response times or for testing network latency.
@cindex DNS timeout
@cindex timeout, DNS
@cindex read timeout
@cindex timeout, read
@item --read-timeout=@var{seconds}
-Set the read (and write) timeout to @var{seconds} seconds. Reads that
-take longer will fail. The default value for read timeout is 900
+Set the read (and write) timeout to @var{seconds} seconds. The
+``time'' of this timeout refers @dfn{idle time}: if, at any point in
+the download, no data is received for more than the specified number
+of seconds, reading fails and the download is restarted. This option
+does not directly affect the duration of the entire download.
+
+Of course, the remote server may choose to terminate the connection
+sooner than this option requires. The default read timeout is 900
seconds.
@cindex bandwidth, limit
Limit the download speed to @var{amount} bytes per second. Amount may
be expressed in bytes, kilobytes with the @samp{k} suffix, or megabytes
with the @samp{m} suffix. For example, @samp{--limit-rate=20k} will
-limit the retrieval rate to 20KB/s. This kind of thing is useful when,
-for whatever reason, you don't want Wget to consume the entire available
-bandwidth.
+limit the retrieval rate to 20KB/s. This is useful when, for whatever
+reason, you don't want Wget to consume the entire available bandwidth.
+
+This option allows the use of decimal numbers, usually in conjunction
+with power suffixes; for example, @samp{--limit-rate=2.5k} is a legal
+value.
Note that Wget implements the limiting by sleeping the appropriate
amount of time after a network read that took less time than specified
Specifying a large value for this option is useful if the network or the
destination host is down, so that Wget can wait long enough to
-reasonably expect the network error to be fixed before the retry.
+reasonably expect the network error to be fixed before the retry. The
+waiting interval specified by this function is influenced by
+@code{--random-wait}, which see.
@cindex retries, waiting between
@cindex waiting between retries
Some web sites may perform log analysis to identify retrieval programs
such as Wget by looking for statistically significant similarities in
the time between requests. This option causes the time between requests
-to vary between 0 and 2 * @var{wait} seconds, where @var{wait} was
+to vary between 0.5 and 1.5 * @var{wait} seconds, where @var{wait} was
specified using the @samp{--wait} option, in order to mask Wget's
presence from such analysis.
-A recent article in a publication devoted to development on a popular
+A 2001 article in a publication devoted to development on a popular
consumer platform provided code to perform this analysis on the fly.
Its author suggested blocking at the class C address level to ensure
automated retrieval programs were blocked despite changing DHCP-supplied
actions of one.
@cindex proxy
-@item -Y on/off
-@itemx --proxy
@itemx --no-proxy
-Turn proxy support on or off. The proxy is on by default if the
-appropriate environment variable is defined.
+Don't use proxies, even if the appropriate @code{*_proxy} environment
+variable is defined.
+@c man end
For more information about the use of proxies with Wget, @xref{Proxies}.
+@c man begin OPTIONS
@cindex quota
@item -Q @var{quota}
Neither options should be needed normally. By default, an IPv6-aware
Wget will use the address family specified by the host's DNS record.
-If the DNS specifies both an A record and an AAAA record, Wget will
-try them in sequence until it finds one it can connect to.
+If the DNS responds with both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, Wget will try
+them in sequence until it finds one it can connect to. (Also see
+@code{--prefer-family} option described below.)
These options can be used to deliberately force the use of IPv4 or
IPv6 address families on dual family systems, usually to aid debugging
or to deal with broken network configuration. Only one of
-@samp{--inet6-only} and @samp{--inet4-only} may be specified in the
-same command. Neither option is available in Wget compiled without
-IPv6 support.
+@samp{--inet6-only} and @samp{--inet4-only} may be specified at the
+same time. Neither option is available in Wget compiled without IPv6
+support.
@item --prefer-family=IPv4/IPv6/none
When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses
not running at all and that retries would not help. This option is
for mirroring unreliable sites whose servers tend to disappear for
short periods of time.
+
+@cindex user
+@cindex password
+@cindex authentication
+@item --user=@var{user}
+@itemx --password=@var{password}
+Specify the username @var{user} and password @var{password} for both
+@sc{ftp} and @sc{http} file retrieval. These parameters can be overridden
+using the @samp{--ftp-user} and @samp{--ftp-password} options for
+@sc{ftp} connections and the @samp{--http-user} and @samp{--http-password}
+options for @sc{http} connections.
@end table
@node Directory Options
@cindex http password
@cindex authentication
@item --http-user=@var{user}
-@itemx --http-passwd=@var{password}
+@itemx --http-password=@var{password}
Specify the username @var{user} and password @var{password} on an
@sc{http} server. According to the type of the challenge, Wget will
encode them using either the @code{basic} (insecure) or the
really important, do not leave them lying in those files either---edit
the files and delete them after Wget has started the download.
+@iftex
For more information about security issues with Wget, @xref{Security
Considerations}.
+@end iftex
@cindex proxy
@cindex cache
if it never existed.
@cindex header, add
-@item --header=@var{additional-header}
-Define an @var{additional-header} to be passed to the @sc{http} servers.
-Headers must contain a @samp{:} preceded by one or more non-blank
-characters, and must not contain newlines.
+@item --header=@var{header-line}
+Send @var{header-line} along with the rest of the headers in each
+@sc{http} request. The supplied header is sent as-is, which means it
+must contain name and value separated by colon, and must not contain
+newlines.
You may define more than one additional header by specifying
@samp{--header} more than once.
Specification of an empty string as the header value will clear all
previous user-defined headers.
+As of Wget 1.10, this option can be used to override headers otherwise
+generated automatically. This example instructs Wget to connect to
+localhost, but to specify @samp{foo.bar} in the @code{Host} header:
+
+@example
+wget --header="Host: foo.bar" http://localhost/
+@end example
+
+In versions of Wget prior to 1.10 such use of @samp{--header} caused
+sending of duplicate headers.
+
@cindex proxy user
@cindex proxy password
@cindex proxy authentication
@item --proxy-user=@var{user}
-@itemx --proxy-passwd=@var{password}
+@itemx --proxy-password=@var{password}
Specify the username @var{user} and password @var{password} for
authentication on a proxy server. Wget will encode them using the
@code{basic} authentication scheme.
-Security considerations similar to those with @samp{--http-passwd}
+Security considerations similar to those with @samp{--http-password}
pertain here as well.
@cindex http referer
However, some sites have been known to impose the policy of tailoring
the output according to the @code{User-Agent}-supplied information.
-While conceptually this is not such a bad idea, it has been abused by
-servers denying information to clients other than @code{Mozilla} or
-Microsoft @code{Internet Explorer}. This option allows you to change
-the @code{User-Agent} line issued by Wget. Use of this option is
-discouraged, unless you really know what you are doing.
+While this is not such a bad idea in theory, it has been abused by
+servers denying information to clients other than (historically)
+Netscape or, more frequently, Microsoft Internet Explorer. This
+option allows you to change the @code{User-Agent} line issued by Wget.
+Use of this option is discouraged, unless you really know what you are
+doing.
+
+Specifying empty user agent with @samp{--user-agent=""} instructs Wget
+not to send the @code{User-Agent} header in @sc{http} requests.
@cindex POST
@item --post-data=@var{string}
can't know that until it receives a response, which in turn requires the
request to have been completed -- a chicken-and-egg problem.
-Note: if Wget is redirected after the POST request is completed, it will
-not send the POST data to the redirected URL. This is because URLs that
-process POST often respond with a redirection to a regular page
-(although that's technically disallowed), which does not desire or
-accept POST. It is not yet clear that this behavior is optimal; if it
-doesn't work out, it will be changed.
+Note: if Wget is redirected after the POST request is completed, it
+will not send the POST data to the redirected URL. This is because
+URLs that process POST often respond with a redirection to a regular
+page, which does not desire or accept POST. It is not completely
+clear that this behavior is optimal; if it doesn't work out, it might
+be changed in the future.
This example shows how to log to a server using POST and then proceed to
download the desired pages, presumably only accessible to authorized
@cindex SSL certificate, check
@item --no-check-certificate
-Don't check the server certificate against the available client
-authorities. If this is not specified, Wget will break the SSL
-handshake if the server certificate is not valid.
+Don't check the server certificate against the available certificate
+authorities. Also don't require the URL host name to match the common
+name presented by the certificate.
+
+As of Wget 1.10, the default is to verify the server's certificate
+against the recognized certificate authorities, breaking the SSL
+handshake and aborting the download if the verification fails.
+Although this provides more secure downloads, it does break
+interoperability with some sites that worked with previous Wget
+versions, particularly those using self-signed, expired, or otherwise
+invalid certificates. This option forces an ``insecure'' mode of
+operation that turns the certificate verification errors into warnings
+and allows you to proceed.
+
+If you encounter ``certificate verification'' errors or ones saying
+that ``common name doesn't match requested host name'', you can use
+this option to bypass the verification and proceed with the download.
+@emph{Only use this option if you are otherwise convinced of the
+site's authenticity, or if you really don't care about the validity of
+its certificate.} It is almost always a bad idea not to check the
+certificates when transmitting confidential or important data.
@cindex SSL certificate
@item --certificate=@var{file}
Without this option Wget looks for CA certificates at the
system-specified locations, chosen at OpenSSL installation time.
+@cindex entropy, specifying source of
+@cindex randomness, specifying source of
+@item --random-file=@var{file}
+Use @var{file} as the source of random data for seeding the
+pseudo-random number generator on systems without @file{/dev/random}.
+
+On such systems the SSL library needs an external source of randomness
+to initialize. Randomness may be provided by EGD (see
+@samp{--egd-file} below) or read from an external source specified by
+the user. If this option is not specified, Wget looks for random data
+in @code{$RANDFILE} or, if that is unset, in @file{$HOME/.rnd}. If
+none of those are available, it is likely that SSL encryption will not
+be usable.
+
+If you're getting the ``Could not seed OpenSSL PRNG; disabling SSL.''
+error, you should provide random data using some of the methods
+described above.
+
@cindex EGD
@item --egd-file=@var{file}
Use @var{file} as the EGD socket. EGD stands for @dfn{Entropy
@section FTP Options
@table @samp
-@cindex password, FTP
-@item --ftp-passwd=@var{string}
-Set the default FTP password to @var{string}. Without this, or the
-corresponding startup option, the password defaults to @samp{-wget@@},
-normally used for anonymous FTP.
+@cindex ftp user
+@cindex ftp password
+@cindex ftp authentication
+@item --ftp-user=@var{user}
+@itemx --ftp-password=@var{password}
+Specify the username @var{user} and password @var{password} on an
+@sc{ftp} server. Without this, or the corresponding startup option,
+the password defaults to @samp{-wget@@}, normally used for anonymous
+FTP.
+
+Another way to specify username and password is in the @sc{url} itself
+(@pxref{URL Format}). Either method reveals your password to anyone who
+bothers to run @code{ps}. To prevent the passwords from being seen,
+store them in @file{.wgetrc} or @file{.netrc}, and make sure to protect
+those files from other users with @code{chmod}. If the passwords are
+really important, do not leave them lying in those files either---edit
+the files and delete them after Wget has started the download.
+
+@iftex
+For more information about security issues with Wget, @xref{Security
+Considerations}.
+@end iftex
@cindex .listing files, removing
@item --no-remove-listing
Now the best bet for downloading a single page and its requisites is the
dedicated @samp{--page-requisites} option.
+@cindex case fold
+@cindex ignore case
+@item --ignore-case
+Ignore case when matching files and directories. This influences the
+behavior of -R, -A, -I, and -X options, as well as globbing
+implemented when downloading from FTP sites. For example, with this
+option, @samp{-A *.txt} will match @samp{file1.txt}, but also
+@samp{file2.TXT}, @samp{file3.TxT}, and so on.
+
@item -H
@itemx --span-hosts
Enable spanning across hosts when doing recursive retrieving
The complete set of commands is listed below. Legal values are listed
after the @samp{=}. Simple Boolean values can be set or unset using
-@samp{on} and @samp{off} or @samp{1} and @samp{0}. A fancier kind of
-Boolean allowed in some cases is the @dfn{lockable Boolean}, which may
-be set to @samp{on}, @samp{off}, @samp{always}, or @samp{never}. If an
-option is set to @samp{always} or @samp{never}, that value will be
-locked in for the duration of the Wget invocation---command-line options
-will not override.
+@samp{on} and @samp{off} or @samp{1} and @samp{0}.
Some commands take pseudo-arbitrary values. @var{address} values can be
hostnames or dotted-quad IP addresses. @var{n} can be any positive
@item base = @var{string}
Consider relative @sc{url}s in @sc{url} input files forced to be
interpreted as @sc{html} as being relative to @var{string}---the same as
-@samp{-B}.
+@samp{--base=@var{string}}.
@item bind_address = @var{address}
-Bind to @var{address}, like the @samp{--bind-address} option.
+Bind to @var{address}, like the @samp{--bind-address=@var{address}}.
-@item ca_certificate = @var{string}
-Set the certificate authority bundle file to @var{string}. The same
-as @samp{--ca-certificate}.
+@item ca_certificate = @var{file}
+Set the certificate authority bundle file to @var{file}. The same
+as @samp{--ca-certificate=@var{file}}.
-@item ca_directory = @var{string}
+@item ca_directory = @var{directory}
Set the directory used for certificate authorities. The same as
-@samp{--ca-directory}.
+@samp{--ca-directory=@var{directory}}.
@item cache = on/off
When set to off, disallow server-caching. See the @samp{--no-cache}
option.
-@item certificate = @var{string}
-Set the client certificate file name to @var{string}. The same as
-@samp{--certificate}.
+@item certificate = @var{file}
+Set the client certificate file name to @var{file}. The same as
+@samp{--certificate=@var{file}}.
@item certificate_type = @var{string}
Specify the type of the client certificate, legal values being
@samp{PEM} (the default) and @samp{DER} (aka ASN1). The same as
-@samp{--private-type}.
+@samp{--certificate-type=@var{string}}.
@item check_certificate = on/off
If this is set to off, the server certificate is not checked against
Set the connect timeout---the same as @samp{--connect-timeout}.
@item cut_dirs = @var{n}
-Ignore @var{n} remote directory components.
+Ignore @var{n} remote directory components. Equivalent to
+@samp{--cut-dirs=@var{n}}.
@item debug = on/off
Debug mode, same as @samp{-d}.
Delete after download---the same as @samp{--delete-after}.
@item dir_prefix = @var{string}
-Top of directory tree---the same as @samp{-P}.
+Top of directory tree---the same as @samp{-P @var{string}}.
@item dirstruct = on/off
Turning dirstruct on or off---the same as @samp{-x} or @samp{-nd},
@item dns_cache = on/off
Turn DNS caching on/off. Since DNS caching is on by default, this
-option is normally used to turn it off. Same as @samp{--dns-cache}.
+option is normally used to turn it off and is equivalent to
+@samp{--no-dns-cache}.
@item dns_timeout = @var{n}
Set the DNS timeout---the same as @samp{--dns-timeout}.
@item dot_spacing = @var{n}
Specify the number of dots in a single cluster (10 by default).
-@item egd_file = @var{string}
+@item egd_file = @var{file}
Use @var{string} as the EGD socket file name. The same as
-@samp{--egd-file}.
+@samp{--egd-file=@var{file}}.
@item exclude_directories = @var{string}
Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude from
-download---the same as @samp{-X} (@pxref{Directory-Based Limits}).
+download---the same as @samp{-X @var{string}} (@pxref{Directory-Based
+Limits}).
@item exclude_domains = @var{string}
-Same as @samp{--exclude-domains} (@pxref{Spanning Hosts}).
+Same as @samp{--exclude-domains=@var{string}} (@pxref{Spanning
+Hosts}).
@item follow_ftp = on/off
Follow @sc{ftp} links from @sc{html} documents---the same as
@samp{--follow-ftp}.
@item follow_tags = @var{string}
-Only follow certain @sc{html} tags when doing a recursive retrieval, just like
-@samp{--follow-tags}.
+Only follow certain @sc{html} tags when doing a recursive retrieval,
+just like @samp{--follow-tags=@var{string}}.
@item force_html = on/off
If set to on, force the input filename to be regarded as an @sc{html}
document---the same as @samp{-F}.
-@item ftp_passwd = @var{string}
+@item ftp_password = @var{string}
Set your @sc{ftp} password to @var{string}. Without this setting, the
password defaults to @samp{-wget@@}, which is a useful default for
anonymous @sc{ftp} access.
Use @var{string} as @sc{ftp} proxy, instead of the one specified in
environment.
+@item ftp_user = @var{string}
+Set @sc{ftp} user to @var{string}.
+
+This command used to be named @code{login} prior to Wget 1.10.
+
@item glob = on/off
Turn globbing on/off---the same as @samp{--glob} and @samp{--no-glob}.
@item header = @var{string}
-Define an additional header, like @samp{--header}.
+Define a header for HTTP doewnloads, like using
+@samp{--header=@var{string}}.
@item html_extension = on/off
-Add a @samp{.html} extension to @samp{text/html} or
-@samp{application/xhtml+xml} files without it, like
-@samp{-E}.
+Add a @samp{.html} extension to @samp{text/html} or
+@samp{application/xhtml+xml} files without it, like @samp{-E}.
@item http_keep_alive = on/off
-Turn the keep-alive feature on or off (defaults to on). The same as
-`--http-keep-alive'.
+Turn the keep-alive feature on or off (defaults to on). Turning it
+off is equivalent to @samp{--no-http-keep-alive}.
-@item http_passwd = @var{string}
-Set @sc{http} password.
+@item http_password = @var{string}
+Set @sc{http} password, equivalent to
+@samp{--http-password=@var{string}}.
@item http_proxy = @var{string}
Use @var{string} as @sc{http} proxy, instead of the one specified in
environment.
@item http_user = @var{string}
-Set @sc{http} user to @var{string}.
+Set @sc{http} user to @var{string}, equivalent to
+@samp{--http-user=@var{string}}.
+
+@item https_proxy = @var{string}
+Use @var{string} as @sc{https} proxy, instead of the one specified in
+environment.
+
+@item ignore_case = on/off
+When set to on, match files and directories case insensitively; the
+same as @samp{--ignore-case}.
@item ignore_length = on/off
When set to on, ignore @code{Content-Length} header; the same as
@samp{--ignore-length}.
@item ignore_tags = @var{string}
-Ignore certain @sc{html} tags when doing a recursive retrieval, just like
-@samp{--ignore-tags}.
+Ignore certain @sc{html} tags when doing a recursive retrieval, like
+@samp{--ignore-tags=@var{string}}.
@item include_directories = @var{string}
Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow when
-downloading---the same as @samp{-I}.
+downloading---the same as @samp{-I @var{string}}.
@item inet4_only = on/off
Force connecting to IPv4 addresses, off by default. You can put this
Wget was compiled with IPv6 support. The same as @samp{--inet6-only}
or @samp{-6}.
-@item input = @var{string}
-Read the @sc{url}s from @var{string}, like @samp{-i}.
-
-@item kill_longer = on/off
-Consider data longer than specified in content-length header as invalid
-(and retry getting it). The default behavior is to save as much data
-as there is, provided there is more than or equal to the value in
-@code{Content-Length}.
+@item input = @var{file}
+Read the @sc{url}s from @var{string}, like @samp{-i @var{file}}.
@item limit_rate = @var{rate}
Limit the download speed to no more than @var{rate} bytes per second.
-The same as @samp{--limit-rate}.
+The same as @samp{--limit-rate=@var{rate}}.
@item load_cookies = @var{file}
-Load cookies from @var{file}. See @samp{--load-cookies}.
-
-@item logfile = @var{string}
-Set logfile---the same as @samp{-o}.
+Load cookies from @var{file}. See @samp{--load-cookies @var{file}}.
-@item login = @var{string}
-Your user name on the remote machine, for @sc{ftp}. Defaults to
-@samp{anonymous}.
+@item logfile = @var{file}
+Set logfile to @var{file}, the same as @samp{-o @var{file}}.
@item mirror = on/off
Turn mirroring on/off. The same as @samp{-m}.
Use @var{string} as the comma-separated list of domains to avoid in
proxy loading, instead of the one specified in environment.
-@item output_document = @var{string}
-Set the output filename---the same as @samp{-O}.
+@item output_document = @var{file}
+Set the output filename---the same as @samp{-O @var{file}}.
@item page_requisites = on/off
Download all ancillary documents necessary for a single @sc{html} page to
display properly---the same as @samp{-p}.
-@item passive_ftp = on/off/always/never
+@item passive_ftp = on/off
Change setting of passive @sc{ftp}, equivalent to the
-@samp{--passive-ftp} option. Some scripts and @samp{.pm} (Perl
-module) files download files using @samp{wget --passive-ftp}. If your
-firewall does not allow this, you can set @samp{passive_ftp = never}
-to override the command-line.
+@samp{--passive-ftp} option.
+
+@itemx password = @var{string}
+Specify password @var{string} for both @sc{ftp} and @sc{http} file retrieval.
+This command can be overridden using the @samp{ftp_password} and
+@samp{http_password} command for @sc{ftp} and @sc{http} respectively.
@item post_data = @var{string}
Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send @var{string} in
-the request body. The same as @samp{--post-data}.
+the request body. The same as @samp{--post-data=@var{string}}.
@item post_file = @var{file}
Use POST as the method for all HTTP requests and send the contents of
-@var{file} in the request body. The same as @samp{--post-file}.
+@var{file} in the request body. The same as
+@samp{--post-file=@var{file}}.
@item prefer_family = IPv4/IPv6/none
When given a choice of several addresses, connect to the addresses
default. The same as @samp{--prefer-family}, which see for a detailed
discussion of why this is useful.
-@item private_key = @var{string}
-Set the private key file to @var{string}. The same as
-@samp{--private-key}.
+@item private_key = @var{file}
+Set the private key file to @var{file}. The same as
+@samp{--private-key=@var{file}}.
@item private_key_type = @var{string}
Specify the type of the private key, legal values being @samp{PEM}
(the default) and @samp{DER} (aka ASN1). The same as
-@samp{--private-type}.
+@samp{--private-type=@var{string}}.
@item progress = @var{string}
-Set the type of the progress indicator. Legal types are ``dot'' and
-``bar''.
+Set the type of the progress indicator. Legal types are @samp{dot}
+and @samp{bar}. Equivalent to @samp{--progress=@var{string}}.
@item protocol_directories = on/off
When set, use the protocol name as a directory component of local file
names. The same as @samp{--protocol-directories}.
@item proxy_user = @var{string}
-Set proxy authentication user name to @var{string}, like @samp{--proxy-user}.
+Set proxy authentication user name to @var{string}, like
+@samp{--proxy-user=@var{string}}.
-@item proxy_passwd = @var{string}
-Set proxy authentication password to @var{string}, like @samp{--proxy-passwd}.
+@item proxy_password = @var{string}
+Set proxy authentication password to @var{string}, like
+@samp{--proxy-password=@var{string}}.
@item quiet = on/off
Quiet mode---the same as @samp{-q}.
retrieving after the download sum has become greater than quota. The
quota can be specified in bytes (default), kbytes @samp{k} appended) or
mbytes (@samp{m} appended). Thus @samp{quota = 5m} will set the quota
-to 5 mbytes. Note that the user's startup file overrides system
+to 5 megabytes. Note that the user's startup file overrides system
settings.
+@item random_file = @var{file}
+Use @var{file} as a source of randomness on systems lacking
+@file{/dev/random}.
+
+@item random_wait = on/off
+Turn random between-request wait times on or off. The same as
+@samp{--random-wait}.
+
@item read_timeout = @var{n}
-Set the read (and write) timeout---the same as @samp{--read-timeout}.
+Set the read (and write) timeout---the same as
+@samp{--read-timeout=@var{n}}.
@item reclevel = @var{n}
-Recursion level---the same as @samp{-l}.
+Recursion level (depth)---the same as @samp{-l @var{n}}.
@item recursive = on/off
Recursive on/off---the same as @samp{-r}.
@item referer = @var{string}
-Set HTTP @samp{Referer:} header just like @samp{--referer}. (Note it
-was the folks who wrote the @sc{http} spec who got the spelling of
-``referrer'' wrong.)
+Set HTTP @samp{Referer:} header just like
+@samp{--referer=@var{string}}. (Note it was the folks who wrote the
+@sc{http} spec who got the spelling of ``referrer'' wrong.)
@item relative_only = on/off
Follow only relative links---the same as @samp{-L} (@pxref{Relative
this off.
@item save_cookies = @var{file}
-Save cookies to @var{file}. See @samp{--save-cookies}.
+Save cookies to @var{file}. The same as @samp{--save-cookies
+@var{file}}.
@item secure_protocol = @var{string}
Choose the secure protocol to be used. Legal values are @samp{auto}
(the default), @samp{SSLv2}, @samp{SSLv3}, and @samp{TLSv1}. The same
-as @samp{--secure-protocol}.
+as @samp{--secure-protocol=@var{string}}.
@item server_response = on/off
Choose whether or not to print the @sc{http} and @sc{ftp} server
Same as @samp{--strict-comments}.
@item timeout = @var{n}
-Set timeout value---the same as @samp{-T}.
+Set all applicable timeout values to @var{n}, the same as @samp{-T
+@var{n}}.
@item timestamping = on/off
Turn timestamping on/off. The same as @samp{-N} (@pxref{Time-Stamping}).
@item tries = @var{n}
-Set number of retries per @sc{url}---the same as @samp{-t}.
+Set number of retries per @sc{url}---the same as @samp{-t @var{n}}.
@item use_proxy = on/off
-Turn proxy support on/off. The same as @samp{-Y}.
+When set to off, don't use proxy even when proxy-related environment
+variables are set. In that case it is the same as using
+@samp{--no-proxy}.
+
+@item user = @var{string}
+Specify username @var{string} for both @sc{ftp} and @sc{http} file retrieval.
+This command can be overridden using the @samp{ftp_user} and
+@samp{http_user} command for @sc{ftp} and @sc{http} respectively.
@item verbose = on/off
Turn verbose on/off---the same as @samp{-v}/@samp{-nv}.
@item wait = @var{n}
-Wait @var{n} seconds between retrievals---the same as @samp{-w}.
+Wait @var{n} seconds between retrievals---the same as @samp{-w
+@var{n}}.
@item waitretry = @var{n}
Wait up to @var{n} seconds between retries of failed retrievals
-only---the same as @samp{--waitretry}. Note that this is turned on by
-default in the global @file{wgetrc}.
-
-@item randomwait = on/off
-Turn random between-request wait times on or off. The same as
-@samp{--random-wait}.
+only---the same as @samp{--waitretry=@var{n}}. Note that this is
+turned on by default in the global @file{wgetrc}.
@end table
@node Sample Wgetrc
@table @code
@item http_proxy
-This variable should contain the @sc{url} of the proxy for @sc{http}
-connections.
+@itemx https_proxy
+If set, the @code{http_proxy} and @code{https_proxy} variables should
+contain the @sc{url}s of the proxies for @sc{http} and @sc{https}
+connections respectively.
@item ftp_proxy
This variable should contain the @sc{url} of the proxy for @sc{ftp}
-connections. It is quite common that @sc{http_proxy} and @sc{ftp_proxy}
-are set to the same @sc{url}.
+connections. It is quite common that @code{http_proxy} and
+@code{ftp_proxy} are set to the same @sc{url}.
@item no_proxy
This variable should contain a comma-separated list of domain extensions
may be specified from within Wget itself.
@table @samp
-@item -Y on/off
-@itemx --proxy
@itemx --no-proxy
@itemx proxy = on/off
-This option may be used to turn the proxy support on or off. Proxy
-support is on by default, provided that the appropriate environment
-variables are set.
+This option and the corresponding command may be used to suppress the
+use of proxy, even if the appropriate environment variables are set.
@item http_proxy = @var{URL}
+@itemx https_proxy = @var{URL}
@itemx ftp_proxy = @var{URL}
@itemx no_proxy = @var{string}
These startup file variables allow you to override the proxy settings
Alternatively, you may use the @samp{proxy-user} and
@samp{proxy-password} options, and the equivalent @file{.wgetrc}
-settings @code{proxy_user} and @code{proxy_passwd} to set the proxy
+settings @code{proxy_user} and @code{proxy_password} to set the proxy
username and password.
@node Distribution
@email{wget-unsubscribe@@sunsite.dk}. The mailing list is archived at
@url{http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.web.wget.patches}.
-Finally, there is a read-only list at @email{wget-cvs@@sunsite.dk}
-that tracks commits to the Wget CVS repository. To subscribe to that
-list, send mail to @email{wget-cvs-subscribe@@sunsite.dk}. The list
-is not archived.
-
@node Reporting Bugs
@section Reporting Bugs
@cindex bugs
@cindex contributors
@iftex
-GNU Wget was written by Hrvoje Nik@v{s}i@'{c} @email{hniksic@@xemacs.org}.
+GNU Wget was written by Hrvoje Nik@v{s}i@'{c} @email{hniksic@@xemacs.org},
@end iftex
@ifnottex
-GNU Wget was written by Hrvoje Niksic @email{hniksic@@xemacs.org}.
+GNU Wget was written by Hrvoje Niksic @email{hniksic@@xemacs.org},
@end ifnottex
-However, its development could never have gone as far as it has, were it
-not for the help of many people, either with bug reports, feature
-proposals, patches, or letters saying ``Thanks!''.
+and it is currently maintained by Micah Cowan @email{micah@@cowan.name}.
+
+However, the development of Wget could never have gone as far as it has, were
+it not for the help of many people, either with bug reports, feature proposals,
+patches, or letters saying ``Thanks!''.
Special thanks goes to the following people (no particular order):
@itemize @bullet
+@item Dan Harkless---contributed a lot of code and documentation of
+extremely high quality, as well as the @code{--page-requisites} and
+related options. He was the principal maintainer for some time and
+released Wget 1.6.
+
+@item Ian Abbott---contributed bug fixes, Windows-related fixes, and
+provided a prototype implementation of the breadth-first recursive
+download. Co-maintained Wget during the 1.8 release cycle.
+
+@item
+The dotsrc.org crew, in particular Karsten Thygesen---donated system
+resources such as the mailing list, web space, @sc{ftp} space, and
+version control repositories, along with a lot of time to make these
+actually work. Christian Reiniger was of invaluable help with setting
+up Subversion.
+
@item
-Karsten Thygesen---donated system resources such as the mailing list,
-web space, and @sc{ftp} space, along with a lot of time to make these
-actually work.
+Heiko Herold---provided high-quality Windows builds and contributed
+bug and build reports for many years.
@item
Shawn McHorse---bug reports and patches.
Darko Budor---initial port to Windows.
@item
-Antonio Rosella---help and suggestions, plus the Italian translation.
+Antonio Rosella---help and suggestions, plus the initial Italian
+translation.
@item
@iftex
@end ifnottex
@item
-Karl Eichwalder---lots of help with internationalization and other
-things.
+Karl Eichwalder---lots of help with internationalization, Makefile
+layout and many other things.
@item
Junio Hamano---donated support for Opie and @sc{http} @code{Digest}
authentication.
@item
-The people who provided donations for development, including Brian
-Gough.
+People who provided donations for development---including Brian Gough.
@end itemize
The following people have provided patches, bug/build reports, useful
suggestions, beta testing services, fan mail and all the other things
that make maintenance so much fun:
-Ian Abbott
Tim Adam,
Adrian Aichner,
Martin Baehr,
Kristijan Conkas,
@end ifnottex
John Daily,
+Andreas Damm,
Ahmon Dancy,
Andrew Davison,
+Bertrand Demiddelaer,
Andrew Deryabin,
Ulrich Drepper,
Marc Duponcheel,
Andy Eskilsson,
Christian Fraenkel,
David Fritz,
+Charles C. Fu,
FUJISHIMA Satsuki,
Masashi Fujita,
Howard Gayle,
Lemble Gregory,
Hans Grobler,
Mathieu Guillaume,
-Dan Harkless,
Aaron Hawley,
-Herold Heiko,
Jochen Hein,
Karl Heuer,
HIROSE Masaaki,
@ifnottex
Goran Kezunovic,
@end ifnottex
+Igor Khristophorov,
Robert Kleine,
KOJIMA Haime,
Fila Kolodny,
@ifnottex
Simos KSenitellis,
@end ifnottex
+Christian Lackas,
Hrvoje Lacko,
Daniel S. Lewart,
@iftex
@end ifnottex
Dave Love,
Alexander V. Lukyanov,
+@iftex
+Thomas Lu@ss{}nig,
+@end iftex
+@ifnottex
Thomas Lussnig,
+@end ifnottex
+Andre Majorel,
Aurelien Marchand,
+Matthew J. Mellon,
Jordan Mendelson,
Lin Zhe Min,
Jan Minar,
Tim Mooney,
+Keith Moore,
+Adam D. Moss,
Simon Munton,
Charlie Negyesi,
R. K. Owen,
Tobias Ringstrom,
@c Texinfo doesn't grok @'{@i}, so we have to use TeX itself.
@tex
-Juan Jos\'{e} Rodr\'{\i}gues,
+Juan Jos\'{e} Rodr\'{\i}guez,
@end tex
@ifnottex
-Juan Jose Rodrigues,
+Juan Jose Rodriguez,
@end ifnottex
Maciej W. Rozycki,
Edward J. Sabol,
Robert Schmidt,
Nicolas Schodet,
Andreas Schwab,
+Steven M. Schweda,
Chris Seawood,
+Dennis Smit,
Toomas Soome,
Tage Stabell-Kulo,
+Philip Stadermann,
+Daniel Stenberg,
Sven Sternberger,
Markus Strasser,
John Summerfield,
Apologies to all who I accidentally left out, and many thanks to all the
subscribers of the Wget mailing list.
-@node Copying
-@chapter Copying
-@cindex copying
-@cindex GPL
-@cindex GFDL
-@cindex free software
-
-GNU Wget is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL),
-which makes it @dfn{free software}. Please note that ``free'' in ``free
-software'' refers to liberty, not price. As some people like to point
-out, it's the ``free'' of ``free speech'', not the ``free'' of ``free
-beer''.
-
-The exact and legally binding distribution terms are spelled out below.
-The GPL guarantees that you have the right (freedom) to run and change
-GNU Wget and distribute it to others, and even---if you want---charge
-money for doing any of those things. With these rights comes the
-obligation to distribute the source code along with the software and to
-grant your recipients the same rights and impose the same restrictions.
-
-This licensing model is also known as @dfn{open source} because it,
-among other things, makes sure that all recipients will receive the
-source code along with the program, and be able to improve it. The GNU
-project prefers the term ``free software'' for reasons outlined at
-@url{http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html}.
-
-The exact license terms are defined by this paragraph and the GNU
-General Public License it refers to:
-
-@quotation
-GNU Wget is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
-Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
-option) any later version.
-
-GNU Wget is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
-ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
-for more details.
-
-A copy of the GNU General Public License is included as part of this
-manual; if you did not receive it, write to the Free Software
-Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-@end quotation
-
-In addition to this, this manual is free in the same sense:
-
-@quotation
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
-Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License'' and ``GNU Free
-Documentation License'', with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
-Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
-entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
-@end quotation
-
-@c #### Maybe we should wrap these licenses in ifinfo? Stallman says
-@c that the GFDL needs to be present in the manual, and to me it would
-@c suck to include the license for the manual and not the license for
-@c the program.
-
-The full texts of the GNU General Public License and of the GNU Free
-Documentation License are available below.
-
+@node Copying this manual
+@appendix Copying this manual
+
@menu
-* GNU General Public License::
-* GNU Free Documentation License::
+* GNU Free Documentation License:: Licnse for copying this manual.
@end menu
-@node GNU General Public License
-@section GNU General Public License
-@center Version 2, June 1991
-
-@display
-Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
-
-Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
-of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-@end display
-
-@unnumberedsec Preamble
-
- The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
-freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
-License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
-software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
-General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
-Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
-using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
-the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
-your programs, too.
-
- When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
-price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
-have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
-this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
-if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
-in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
-
- To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
-anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
-These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
-distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
-
- For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
-gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
-you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
-source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
-rights.
-
- We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
-(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
-distribute and/or modify the software.
-
- Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
-that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
-software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
-want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
-that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
-authors' reputations.
-
- Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
-patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
-program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
-program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
-patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
-
- The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
-modification follow.
-
-@iftex
-@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
-@end ifnottex
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-This License applies to any program or other work which contains
-a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
-under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below,
-refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
-means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
-that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
-either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
-language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
-the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''.
-
-Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
-covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
-running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
-is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
-Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
-Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
-
-@item
-You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
-source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
-conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
-copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
-notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
-and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
-along with the Program.
-
-You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
-you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
-
-@item
-You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
-of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
-distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
-above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
-
-@enumerate a
-@item
-You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
-stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
-
-@item
-You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
-whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
-part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
-parties under the terms of this License.
-
-@item
-If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
-when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
-interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
-announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
-notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
-a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
-these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
-License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
-does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
-the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
-@end enumerate
-
-These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
-identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
-and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
-themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
-sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
-distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
-on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
-this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
-entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
-
-Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
-your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
-exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
-collective works based on the Program.
-
-In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
-with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
-a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
-the scope of this License.
-
-@item
-You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
-under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
-Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
-
-@enumerate a
-@item
-Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
-source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
-1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
-
-@item
-Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
-years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
-cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
-machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
-distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
-customarily used for software interchange; or,
-
-@item
-Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
-to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
-allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
-received the program in object code or executable form with such
-an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
-@end enumerate
-
-The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
-making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
-code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
-associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
-control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
-special exception, the source code distributed need not include
-anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
-form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
-operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
-itself accompanies the executable.
-
-If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
-access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
-access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
-distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
-compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
-
-@item
-You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
-except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
-otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
-void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
-However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
-this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
-parties remain in full compliance.
-
-@item
-You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
-signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
-distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
-prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
-modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
-Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
-all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
-the Program or works based on it.
-
-@item
-Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
-Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
-original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
-these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
-restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
-You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
-this License.
-
-@item
-If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
-infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
-conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
-otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
-excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
-distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
-License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
-may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
-license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
-all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
-the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
-refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
-
-If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
-any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
-apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
-circumstances.
-
-It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
-patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
-such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
-integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
-implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
-generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
-through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
-system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
-to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
-impose that choice.
-
-This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
-be a consequence of the rest of this License.
-
-@item
-If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
-certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
-original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
-may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
-those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
-countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
-the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
-
-@item
-The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
-of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
-be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
-address new problems or concerns.
-
-Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
-specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
-later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
-either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
-Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
-this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
-Foundation.
-
-@item
-If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
-programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
-to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
-Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
-make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
-of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
-of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
-
-@iftex
-@heading NO WARRANTY
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-@center NO WARRANTY
-@end ifnottex
-@cindex no warranty
-
-@item
-BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
-FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
-OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
-PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
-OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
-MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
-TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
-PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
-REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
-
-@item
-IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
-WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
-REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
-INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
-OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
-TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
-YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
-PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
-POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
-@end enumerate
-
-@iftex
-@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-@end iftex
-@ifnottex
-@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-@end ifnottex
-
-@page
-@unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
-
- If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
-possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
-free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
-
- To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
-to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
-convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
-the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
-
-@smallexample
-@var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.}
-Copyright (C) 20@var{yy} @var{name of author}
-
-This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
-as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
-of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-@end smallexample
-
-Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
-
-If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
-when it starts in an interactive mode:
-
-@smallexample
-Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 20@var{yy} @var{name of author}
-Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
-type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
-to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
-for details.
-@end smallexample
-
-The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
-the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
-commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
-@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
-suits your program.
-
-You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
-school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
-necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
-interest in the program `Gnomovision'
-(which makes passes at compilers) written
-by James Hacker.
-
-@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
-Ty Coon, President of Vice
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
-proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
-consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
-library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
-Public License instead of this License.
-
@include fdl.texi
+
@node Concept Index
@unnumbered Concept Index
@printindex cp
projects / wget / blobdiff